Мне жаль, что из‑за моего сообщения тебе стало обидно.

Because жаль does not work like a normal adjective meaning sorry. In Russian, жаль is usually an impersonal predicate, and the person who feels sorry is put in the dative case.

So:

• Мне жаль = I am sorry
• literally closer to To me, it is regrettable / sorry

This is a very common Russian pattern with feelings and states:

• мне грустно = I am sad
• ему холодно = he is cold
• нам интересно = we are interested

So мне жаль is the natural way to say I’m sorry in this structure.

For the same reason: the sentence describes a state or feeling, and Russian often marks the experiencer of that feeling with the dative case.

• тебе стало обидно = you felt hurt / offended
• literally: to you it became hurtful/offensive

This pattern is very common:

• мне обидно = I feel hurt / offended
• ей плохо = she feels bad
• ему скучно = he is bored

So тебе is not the object of the verb in the English sense; it is the person experiencing the emotional state.

Not exactly.

Обидно is a word of state meaning something like:

• hurtful
• upsetting
• offensive
• causing someone to feel hurt

In тебе стало обидно, it means you felt hurt/offended.

Compare:

• тебе стало обидно = you felt hurt / it became hurtful to you
• ты обиделся / ты обиделась = you got offended / took offense
• ты обижен / ты обижена = you are offended / hurt

So обидно focuses more on the feeling/state, while обиделся/обиделась sounds more like a completed reaction: you got offended.

Стало обидно means became hurtful or started to feel hurtful. It shows a change of state.

• тебе стало обидно = you became hurt / you started feeling hurt
• тебе было обидно = you were hurt
• тебе обидно = you feel hurt / it is hurtful to you

So стало is used because the speaker is referring to the moment when the message caused that feeling.

Because this is an impersonal construction.

In Russian, when there is no normal grammatical subject and the sentence describes a state, the past tense verb often appears in the neuter singular:

• стало обидно
• было жаль
• стало грустно
• было холодно

There is no subject like он/она/оно controlling the verb, so Russian uses the default neuter singular form.

The preposition из-за takes the genitive case.

So:

• сообщение = nominative
• моё сообщение = my message (nominative)
• из-за моего сообщения = because of my message (genitive)

Here is the breakdown:

• из-за = because of
• моего = genitive singular of мой
• сообщения = genitive singular of сообщение

So the whole phrase means because of my message.

Что introduces a subordinate clause meaning that.

So:

• Мне жаль, что... = I’m sorry that...

This is very normal Russian syntax. English sometimes drops that, but Russian usually keeps что in this kind of sentence.

Compare:

• Я знаю, что он дома = I know that he is home
• Жаль, что ты не пришёл = It’s a pity that you didn’t come
• Мне жаль, что тебе стало обидно = I’m sorry that you felt hurt

Yes. Russian word order is flexible, and changing it usually changes emphasis, not the basic meaning.

For example:

• Мне жаль, что из-за моего сообщения тебе стало обидно.
• Мне жаль, что тебе стало обидно из-за моего сообщения.

Both are natural. The version with из-за моего сообщения earlier gives a bit more emphasis to the cause: because of my message.

So the sentence order is natural, but not the only possible one.

It can.

Сообщение is a broad word meaning message. Depending on context, it can mean:

• a text message
• a chat message
• an email/message
• a written or spoken message more generally

So in modern everyday use, моё сообщение could easily mean my text/message in chat.

Yes, this sentence is natural and polite. It sounds thoughtful and emotionally aware.

A few close alternatives are:

• Мне жаль, что моё сообщение тебя обидело.
  = I’m sorry my message hurt/offended you.

• Прости, если моё сообщение тебя задело.
  = Sorry if my message upset/hurt you.

• Извини, мне жаль, что тебе стало обидно из-за моего сообщения.
  = Sorry, I’m sorry that my message hurt you.

Your original sentence is slightly softer than моё сообщение тебя обидело, because it focuses on the other person’s feeling rather than directly stating my message offended you.

You can say that, and it is correct. But the tone is a little different.

• Моё сообщение тебя обидело = My message offended/hurt you.
• Тебе стало обидно из-за моего сообщения = You felt hurt because of my message.

The original sentence sounds:

• softer
• less direct
• a bit more tactful

It focuses on the resulting feeling rather than bluntly saying that the message itself offended the person. That is often useful in apologies.