Questions & Answers about Неожиданно начался град, и я закрыл окно.
Начался is the perfective past form of начаться and presents the start of the hail as a single, completed event (“it suddenly started”).
Начинался (imperfective) would focus more on the process of starting or a repeated/background situation, e.g. “it was starting (when…)” or “it used to start…”.
In Неожиданно начался град, град is the subject of the sentence, so it’s in the nominative case (dictionary form): град = “hail”.
You’d see града in the genitive, for example: нет града (“there is no hail”) or после града (“after the hail”).
Неожиданно (“unexpectedly/suddenly”) modifies the whole event начался град.
It’s flexible in position:
- Неожиданно начался град (most neutral)
- Град неожиданно начался (more emphasis on град)
- Начался неожи́данно град is possible but sounds more stylized/poetic.