Breakdown of Мне трудно сосредоточиться, когда рядом кто‑то громко разговаривает по телефону.
Questions & Answers about Мне трудно сосредоточиться, когда рядом кто‑то громко разговаривает по телефону.
Russian often uses impersonal sentences to say “It is hard for me to do X.”
Structure:
- мне – dative case, “to me / for me”
- трудно – an adverb meaning “hard, difficult”
- infinitive verb – сосредоточиться
So мне трудно сосредоточиться literally feels like:
- “To me it is difficult to concentrate.” = “It’s hard for me to concentrate.”
You can say it with я, but the structure changes:
- Я с трудом сосредотачиваюсь… – “I concentrate with difficulty…”
- Мне трудно сосредоточиться… – more natural and common for this meaning.
The pattern мне/тебе/ему/нам/вам/им + трудно/легко/можно/нужно + infinitive is extremely common in Russian:
- Тебе легко говорить. – It’s easy for you to talk.
- Им трудно понять. – It’s hard for them to understand.
After мне трудно, Russian normally uses the infinitive to express doing the action in general:
- Мне трудно сосредоточиться. – It’s hard for me to concentrate (in general / in that situation).
If you use a finite verb with я, the structure and nuance change:
- Я сосредоточусь, когда… – I will concentrate when…
- Я сосредотачиваюсь, когда… – I concentrate / am concentrating when…
Those describe your actual action, not the difficulty of doing it. With мне трудно + infinitive, the focus is specifically on the difficulty of the action, not on describing what you do.
Both forms exist:
- сосредоточиться – perfective (to manage to concentrate, to become concentrated)
- сосредотачиваться – imperfective (to be concentrating, to keep concentrating)
With мне трудно and many similar phrases, perfective is very common, because you’re talking about achieving the state:
- Мне трудно сосредоточиться.
It’s hard for me to get myself into a concentrated state.
Using the imperfective is possible, but the nuance slightly shifts toward the ongoing process:
- Мне трудно сосредотачиваться, когда…
It’s hard for me to keep concentrating / to be concentrating when…
In everyday speech, сосредоточиться is more typical in this exact kind of sentence.
The -ся ending marks a reflexive verb. Here it basically means “to concentrate oneself”:
- сосредоточить (something) – to concentrate/focus something (e.g. efforts, attention)
- сосредоточиться – to concentrate oneself (one’s own attention/mind)
You cannot drop -ся here without changing the meaning and making the sentence wrong:
- Мне трудно сосредоточить. – incomplete: concentrate what? (you need an object)
- Correct:
- Мне трудно сосредоточиться.
- Мне трудно сосредоточить внимание. – It’s hard for me to concentrate (my attention).
So to say “to concentrate” about yourself, you need the reflexive сосредоточиться.
In this sentence, they’re practically interchangeable:
- Мне трудно сосредоточиться…
- Мне сложно сосредоточиться…
Both mean “It’s hard/difficult for me to concentrate.”
Nuance (not strict, just tendency):
- трудно – slightly more neutral, can feel a bit more “effort-related”.
- сложно – can hint a little more at complexity or complication.
But in everyday speech, most natives won’t feel a strong difference in this context.
Russian word order is flexible, and several versions are possible. Your sentence:
- когда рядом кто‑то громко разговаривает по телефону
focuses on the fact that someone nearby is talking loudly.
You could also hear:
- когда кто‑то рядом громко разговаривает по телефону
- когда кто‑то громко разговаривает по телефону рядом
All are grammatically correct. Differences are mostly about rhythm and emphasis:
- рядом кто‑то – slightly highlights the presence of someone nearby.
- кто‑то рядом – neutral; “someone nearby”.
- по телефону рядом – puts “nearby” right after the phone phrase; less common, but still acceptable.
The original version is very natural-sounding and common.
Both mean “someone”, but they’re used in different typical contexts.
- кто‑то – definite but unknown to the speaker (“some person, I don’t know who”).
- кто‑нибудь – more like “anyone / someone or other”, often in questions, requests, conditionals.
In this sentence, кто‑то is better:
- …когда рядом кто‑то громко разговаривает по телефону.
= when someone (some particular person in your space) is talking loudly on the phone.
Using кто‑нибудь here would sound off or unnatural. You’re talking about actual people around you, not hypothetical “anyone”. So кто‑то is the right choice.
Both verbs are possible, but they have slightly different flavors:
- говорить – to speak, to talk (general verb)
- разговаривать – to converse, to chat, to be in a conversation
In the context of a phone call:
- разговаривать по телефону often suggests a two-way conversation, “having a phone conversation”.
- говорить по телефону is also correct and common; it’s a bit more neutral.
Here, громко разговаривает по телефону emphasizes the ongoing, back-and-forth talking that is disturbing you. Many natives would naturally choose разговаривать in this sentence.
Russian uses a different preposition for this idea:
- говорить / разговаривать по телефону – literally “to speak by telephone”, i.e. “on the phone”.
You generally cannot directly calque English “on the phone” as на телефоне when you mean talking on the phone.
на телефоне can appear in other contexts, e.g.:
- У меня мало памяти на телефоне. – I have little memory on my phone.
- Он сидит на телефоне. – (slangy) He’s always on his phone (using/holding it).
But for calls, the idiomatic expression is:
- говорить по телефону / разговаривать по телефону – to talk on the phone.
Yes, кто‑то is always written with a hyphen. This is a general rule for many indefinite pronouns formed with ‑то:
- кто‑то – someone
- что‑то – something
- где‑то – somewhere
- когда‑то – sometime
- какой‑то – some kind of
So you should always write кто‑то, never кто то or ктото.
In Russian, когда often introduces a subordinate clause of time (a dependent clause), and such clauses are usually separated by a comma.
Your sentence has two clauses:
- Мне трудно сосредоточиться – main clause.
- когда рядом кто‑то громко разговаривает по телефону – subordinate clause of time (tells when it’s hard to concentrate).
Rule: when a subordinate clause (introduced by когда, если, потому что, etc.) follows the main clause, Russian normally puts a comma before it:
- Я злюсь, когда опаздываю.
- Мне грустно, когда идёт дождь.
So the comma in:
- Мне трудно сосредоточиться, когда рядом кто‑то громко разговаривает по телефону.
follows a standard punctuation rule.