Мой друг живёт в далёком городе.

My friend lives in a distant city.

Breakdown of Мой друг живёт в далёком городе.

• друг: the friend
• мой: my
• в: in
• город: the city
• жить: to live
• далёкий: distant

Questions & Answers about Мой друг живёт в далёком городе.

Why is it мой and not моя or моё?

In Russian, possessive pronouns must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they describe.
Друг is a masculine noun in the nominative case, so you must use the masculine nominative form мой.
You would use моя with feminine nouns (e.g. моя сестра) and моё with neuter nouns (e.g. моё окно).

What gender is друг, and how do I say it if the friend is female?

Друг is grammatically masculine and usually refers to a male friend.
For a specifically female friend, Russians normally say подруга.
So for a female friend, you’d say: Моя подруга живёт в далёком городе. (feminine моя + feminine подруга).
For plural friends, you use друзья: Мои друзья живут в далёком городе.

Can I omit мой and just say Друг живёт в далёком городе?

You can say Друг живёт в далёком городе, but it changes the feel slightly.
With мой, it clearly means my friend. Without мой, it sounds more like a friend (of mine/ours) or a (certain) friend, less specific and a bit more neutral or narrative.
In everyday speech, if it’s important that this is your friend, you normally keep мой/моя/мои.

What exactly is the form живёт, and how does жить conjugate?

Живёт is 3rd person singular present tense of жить (to live). It corresponds to he/she/it lives or is living.
The full present-tense conjugation is:

• я живу – I live
• ты живёшь – you live (singular, informal)
• он/она/оно живёт – he/she/it lives
• мы живём – we live
• вы живёте – you live (plural or formal)
• они живут – they live

Stress moves around: живу́, живёшь́, живёт́, живём́, живёте́, живу́т.

Why is there ё in живёт and далёком, and is it always written that way?

The letter ё represents the sound yo (like yo in yonder) and is always stressed.
Phonetically, живёт is pronounced roughly zhi-VYOT, and далёком is da-LYOK-am.
In real-life Russian texts, ё is often written simply as е (for example, живет, далеком), but the pronunciation stays ё. Learners should mentally restore ё in such words.

Why is the verb жить (imperfective) used here, and not a perfective verb like прожить?

Жить is imperfective, which is used for ongoing, habitual, or general situations — like where someone lives.
Прожить (perfective) is used for a completed span of living, for example: Он прожил в этом городе десять лет. – He lived (spent) ten years in this city.
In your sentence, we’re describing a current, ongoing fact, so the imperfective живёт is the only natural choice.

Why is it в далёком городе and not в далёкий город?

The choice depends on whether you’re talking about location or movement into a place:

• в далёком городе – in a distant city (location, “where?”) → в
  • prepositional case
• в далёкий город – to a distant city (movement, “where to?”) → в
  • accusative case

Your sentence describes where the friend lives (a static location), so в далёком городе is correct.

Why does городе end in -е instead of just город?

Городе is the prepositional case form of город (city/town), used after в when we mean location.
The declension of город (singular) is:

• Nominative: город (subject form)
• Prepositional (after в, о, etc., for location/topic): городе

So in lives in a city, you need в городе, not в город (which would mean to the city).

Why does далёком end with -ом?

Далёком is the prepositional singular form of the adjective далёкий (distant, faraway).
In в далёком городе, both далёком and городе are in the prepositional case, and the adjective must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case:

• Masculine nominative: далёкий город
• Masculine prepositional: в далёком городе

The -ом ending is the regular prepositional ending for hard-stem masculine/neuter adjectives.

What’s the difference between далёкий and далеко?

Далёкий is an adjective and must describe a noun:

• далёкий город – a distant city
• далёкий дом – a faraway house

Далеко is an adverb and describes how/where, not a noun:

• Он живёт далеко. – He lives far (far away).
  In your sentence, because we’re qualifying город, we must use the adjective form далёкий / далёком, not далеко.

Could I say Мой друг живёт далеко instead of Мой друг живёт в далёком городе?

Yes, but the meaning is slightly different.
Мой друг живёт далеко states only that your friend lives far away (from you), without specifying that distance in terms of a city.
Мой друг живёт в далёком городе emphasizes that the friend’s home is a distant city, adding the image of a faraway town rather than just distance.

What are the main stress and pronunciation points in the sentence Мой друг живёт в далёком городе?

Approximate stressed syllables (marked with caps for clarity):

• Мой – [MOY]
• друг – [DROOG], final г is devoiced to
• живёт – zhi-VYOT (stress on -вёт)
• в – [v], very short
• далёком – da-LYOK-am (stress on -лё-)
• городе – GO-ra-dye (stress on го-)

So the whole sentence sounds roughly like: MOY DRUK zhi-VYOT v da-LYOK-am GOR-a-dye.

Can the word order change, like В далёком городе живёт мой друг?

Yes, Russian word order is flexible.

• Мой друг живёт в далёком городе. – neutral, straightforward statement.
• В далёком городе живёт мой друг. – slightly more poetic or focused on the distant city first, like “In a distant city lives my friend.”
  Both are grammatically correct; the difference is mainly emphasis and style, not meaning.