Я купил помидоры у продавца на рынке.

I bought tomatoes from the vendor at the market.

Breakdown of Я купил помидоры у продавца на рынке.

• я: I
• на: at
• купить: to buy
• рынок: the market
• у: from
• помидор: the tomato
• продавец: the vendor

Questions & Answers about Я купил помидоры у продавца на рынке.

Why is помидоры in the accusative case here?

Because помидоры is the direct object of the verb купил (“I bought”). In Russian, direct objects take the accusative case. Since помидоры is an inanimate plural noun, its accusative form is identical to its nominative form (both помидоры).

What does the preposition у indicate in купил помидоры у продавца?

The preposition у with the genitive case expresses the source or the person you get something from. Here, купил у продавца means “bought from the seller.” It always uses genitive, so продавец becomes продавца.

Why is продавец changed to продавца?

Because the preposition у requires the genitive case. Продавец (nominative singular) becomes продавца (genitive singular).

What case is на рынке, and why use it here?

Here на indicates location (“where?”), so it takes the prepositional case. Рынок (nominative) becomes рынке in prepositional singular: на рынке means “at the market.” If you meant “to the market” (direction), you’d use the accusative: на рынок.

Why are there no articles like “the” or “a” before помидоры?

Russian does not have grammatical articles. Whether something is definite or indefinite is inferred from context, word order, or added words (e.g., этот, какой-то).

What does the verb form купил tell us about tense, aspect, and the speaker?

• купил is past tense, perfective aspect of купить, showing a completed action (“I bought”).
• The ending -л marks masculine singular. A female speaker would say купила. Plural is купили, neuter is купило.

How do you express an ongoing or habitual action “I was buying tomatoes” instead?

Use the imperfective verb покупать in the past tense: Я покупал помидоры (masculine) or Я покупала помидоры (feminine). This means “I was buying tomatoes” or “I used to buy tomatoes.”

Is the word order fixed? Could you say У продавца на рынке я купил помидоры?

Yes. Russian has flexible word order thanks to case endings. You can move я, у продавца, на рынке, or помидоры around for emphasis without changing the basic meaning.

Why can’t we use от продавца instead of у продавца?

While both у and от translate as “from,” they have different nuances. У + genitive denotes obtaining something directly from someone (buying, receiving). От + genitive implies motion or origin away from someone/something and is not used for buying. For example:

• Получить письмо от друга (“receive a letter from a friend”)
• But купить у друга (“buy from a friend”), never купить от друга.