Learn Hardcore Russian: Пол в комнате новый.

In Russian, the present tense copula (the equivalent of is) is typically omitted. The sentence is understood to mean "The floor in the room is new" without needing an explicit is.

How does the adjective новый agree with the noun пол?

The adjective новый is in the masculine, singular, nominative form, which matches the noun пол (floor)—also masculine, singular, and nominative. This agreement is necessary whether the adjective appears before or after the noun in a predicate structure.

What case is used in the phrase в комнате, and why?

The phrase в комнате uses the prepositional case. The preposition в (in) requires its noun to be in the prepositional case to indicate location, so комната becomes комнате.

Why is новый placed at the end of the sentence instead of directly before пол?

The word order in Russian is relatively flexible. In this sentence, новый appears at the end as a predicate adjective following the location phrase. This order can be used to emphasize the result (that the floor is new) rather than serving as a direct attributive modifier, which would normally come before the noun (as in Новый пол).

Can the sentence be rephrased without changing its meaning, and what would that look like?

Yes, it can be rephrased. For example, Новый пол в комнате is also correct and means the same thing. However, placing новый before пол gives it an attributive function, while placing it after the location phrase as in Пол в комнате новый emphasizes the state of the floor within its setting.