Министр приехал утром.

Russian often chooses a different verb depending on the type of motion.

• приехать = to arrive / come by transport (car, train, bus, etc.)
• прийти = to arrive / come on foot

So Министр приехал утром suggests the minister arrived using some kind of transport, or at least presents the arrival that way. If the minister had walked, Russian would normally use пришёл.

That -л is part of the past tense in Russian. The basic past-tense form is built from the infinitive stem plus -л, and then it changes for gender and number:

• приехал = masculine singular
• приехала = feminine singular
• приехало = neuter singular
• приехали = plural

Since министр is grammatically masculine singular, the verb is приехал.

Not necessarily. Grammatically, министр is a masculine noun, so with a male minister you get министр приехал.

But Russian can also use the same job title for a woman, and then the verb often shows the real gender:

• министр приехала утром = the minister (a woman) arrived in the morning

So the noun may stay the same, while the past-tense verb changes to show whether the person is male or female.

утром is the instrumental singular form of утро. In Russian, some time expressions use the instrumental case in an adverbial way.

So:

• утро = morning
• утром = in the morning

This is a very common pattern:

• днём = in the daytime / during the day
• вечером = in the evening
• ночью = at night

So here утром is not a direct object; it is a time expression.

Normally, no. утром most naturally means in the morning.

If you want by morning, Russian usually says:

• к утру = by morning

So:

• Министр приехал утром = The minister arrived in the morning.
• Министр приехал к утру = The minister had arrived by morning / arrived by morning.

Russian has no articles like the or a/an. So министр can mean:

• the minister
• a minister

The exact meaning depends on context. In a standalone sentence like this, English often uses the minister, but Russian itself does not mark that difference with an article.

The prefix при- often gives the idea of arrival at a destination.

Compare:

• ехать = to go / be going by transport
• приехать = to arrive / come by transport

So приехал does not just mean movement in general; it means the movement ended with arrival at some place.

This is an aspect question.

• приехал is perfective: it presents the arrival as a completed event
• приезжал is imperfective: it can mean someone used to come, did come at some point, or focuses less on the completed result

In this sentence, the speaker is simply stating a finished fact: the minister arrived in the morning. That is why приехал is the natural choice.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible, though it changes emphasis more than basic meaning.

• Министр приехал утром. = neutral
• Утром министр приехал. = emphasizes the time a bit more
• Приехал утром министр. = possible, but more marked; it may sound literary or emphasize who arrived

For learners, Министр приехал утром is the safest neutral order.

No extra pronoun is needed. The subject is already stated: министр.

Russian also often omits pronouns when they are understood from context, but in this sentence there is no need for он because the noun министр already does the job.

The main stress is:

• мини́стр прие́хал у́тром

A rough pronunciation guide:

• мини́стр ≈ mee-NEESTR
• прие́хал ≈ pree-YEH-khal
• у́тром ≈ OO-tram

A few notes:

• х is like the ch in Scottish loch or German Bach
• Unstressed о is often pronounced closer to a in natural speech, so утром may sound roughly like OO-tram

Yes. прибыл is possible and means arrived too, but it sounds more formal or official.

Compare:

• Министр приехал утром. = normal, everyday wording
• Министр прибыл утром. = more official, news-like, or formal

Also, приехал keeps the idea of arrival by transport, while прибыл is more general and formal.

Because Russian does not need to state every piece of information if it is already known or not important.

приехал already means arrived/came to a destination, but that destination can be left unstated if the context makes it clear. For example, in a longer conversation everyone may already know the place being discussed.