Кольцо удвоения находится снаружи кольца утроения.

Here is the case breakdown:

• Кольцо — nominative singular
  It is the subject of the sentence.

• удвоения — genitive singular
  It depends on кольцо and means of doubling.

• кольца — genitive singular
  It comes after снаружи, which takes the genitive here.

• утроения — genitive singular
  It depends on кольца and means of tripling.

So the structure is basically:

• Кольцо удвоения = the ring of doubling
• снаружи кольца утроения = outside the ring of tripling

Russian very often uses noun + genitive where English uses either:

• of
• or a noun used like an adjective

So:

• кольцо удвоения literally means ring of doubling
• кольцо утроения literally means ring of tripling

In English, we may prefer doubling ring and tripling ring, but Russian commonly expresses that relationship with the genitive.

Also, удвоение and утроение are nouns, not adjectives, so they do not agree with кольцо in gender or number.

Находится means is located, is situated, or is found.

So the sentence is not just naming two things; it is explicitly stating the location of one relative to the other.

This verb is very common in descriptions, explanations, diagrams, and technical writing. It sounds a bit more explicit and formal than simply leaving the verb out.

Because есть is usually not used for ordinary location in a sentence like this.

• находится = is located / is situated
• есть = exists / there is / has

So Кольцо удвоения находится снаружи... is natural.

But Кольцо удвоения есть снаружи... would sound wrong or very unnatural in standard usage.

Russian often omits the present-tense form of to be, but for physical location, находиться is a normal and useful verb.

It is often taught as an adverb meaning outside, but it can also behave very much like a preposition and take a noun phrase.

For example:

• Он снаружи = He is outside
• снаружи дома = outside the house

In your sentence, снаружи is followed by кольца утроения, so it works like outside of the ring of tripling.

That is why learners often find it tricky: it can appear both with and without a following noun.

Because снаружи takes the genitive when it has an object.

So:

• снаружи чего? = outside of what?
• снаружи кольца = outside the ring

This is a common Russian pattern with words expressing position relative to something.

The form кольца can look ambiguous, because Russian endings sometimes overlap.

But here it is genitive singular, not plural, because:

1. it follows снаружи, which calls for the genitive
2. the meaning is clearly outside the ring of tripling, referring to one ring
3. the whole phrase кольца утроения is a single dependent phrase

So in this sentence, кольца means of the ring, not rings.

No. Russian word order is fairly flexible.

Your sentence has a neutral, straightforward order:

• Кольцо удвоения находится снаружи кольца утроения.

You could also say:

• Снаружи кольца утроения находится кольцо удвоения.

That version puts more focus on the location first, as if answering Where is the doubling ring?

The meaning stays basically the same, but the emphasis changes.

Because Russian has no articles.

There is no direct equivalent of English the or a/an in ordinary Russian grammar. Whether something is definite or indefinite is understood from context.

So Кольцо удвоения can mean:

• the doubling ring
• or a doubling ring

depending on context. In your sentence, English naturally uses the because the rings are clearly specific.

Both can be translated as outside, but they are not exactly the same.

• снаружи is more physical and spatial: on the outside / outside of
• вне is often more formal, abstract, or conceptual: outside the limits/scope of

For two physical rings, снаружи is the more natural choice.

So this sentence sounds right with снаружи.

Using вне would sound more formal and slightly less concrete.

This is an important distinction:

• снаружи = outside, describing location
• наружу = outward / to the outside, describing movement

Your sentence describes where something is, not where it is moving, so снаружи is correct.

Compare:

• Кольцо находится снаружи = The ring is outside
• Кольцо вынесли наружу = They carried the ring outside

Кольцо is a neuter noun.

You can tell from its dictionary form ending in -о. That matters for agreement when you use adjectives or pronouns, for example:

• большое кольцо = a big ring
• оно = it for a neuter noun

In this sentence, there is no agreeing adjective, so gender is not very visible, but it still matters for the noun’s general grammar and declension.