Экспозиция зависит от освещения.

Because the verb зависеть means to depend on, and in Russian it normally requires the preposition от plus the genitive case.

So:

• освещение = nominative singular, the dictionary form
• от освещения = from / on the lighting, genitive singular

This is a fixed and very common pattern:

• зависеть от погоды = to depend on the weather
• зависеть от времени = to depend on time
• зависеть от обстоятельств = to depend on the circumstances

So Экспозиция зависит от освещения uses the standard grammar for depend on.

It is genitive singular.

The noun is:

• освещение = lighting, illumination

Its genitive singular form is:

• освещения

That ending appears because of от.

A useful way to see the structure is:

• Экспозиция = subject, nominative
• зависит = verb
• от освещения = prepositional phrase with от
  • genitive

Yes, от very often means from, but with some verbs it forms a set expression that is best translated differently in English.

With зависеть, the combination зависеть от means to depend on.

So even though a word-for-word breakdown might look like depends from lighting, that is not how it should be translated. In normal English, it is simply:

• depends on the lighting

This is a good example of why it helps to learn some Russian verbs together with the prepositions they require.

Here are the dictionary forms:

• экспозиция = exposition, exhibition, exposure
• зависеть = to depend
• освещение = lighting, illumination

And here are the forms used in the sentence:

• Экспозиция = nominative singular
• зависит = 3rd person singular present tense of зависеть
• освещения = genitive singular of освещение

Russian present tense often corresponds to the English simple present, especially for general facts, rules, or statements.

So:

• Экспозиция зависит от освещения = Exposure depends on the lighting

This sounds like a general truth or principle, so the English simple present is the natural choice.

No. Экспозиция can have several meanings depending on context, including:

• exposure in photography
• exhibition or display in a museum
• exposition in a more formal or academic sense

In this sentence, because it says depends on the lighting, the most likely meaning is exposure in a photography or camera-related context.

So context matters a lot with this word.

Russian has no articles, so there is no direct equivalent of a, an, or the.

That means:

• Экспозиция could mean exposure, the exposure, or sometimes an exposure
• освещения could correspond to lighting or the lighting

English has to choose the most natural wording based on context, but Russian leaves that unstated.

Yes. Russian word order is more flexible than English word order because case endings show the grammatical relationships.

The neutral order here is:

• Экспозиция зависит от освещения.

But you could also say:

• От освещения зависит экспозиция.

This puts more emphasis on от освещения — roughly It is on the lighting that the exposure depends.

Both are grammatical. The difference is mostly one of emphasis and style, not basic meaning.

The stress is:

• экспози́ция
• зависи́т
• освеще́ния

A rough pronunciation guide:

• экспози́ция ≈ ek-spa-ZEE-tsi-ya
• зависи́т ≈ za-vee-SEET
• освеще́ния ≈ as-vye-SHCHEN-ee-ya

A few notes:

• Unstressed о is often pronounced closer to a
• щ is pronounced like a soft long sh sound
• Stress is very important in Russian and can change from form to form, so it is worth learning it with each word

Because the subject экспозиция is singular.

Russian verbs in the present tense agree with the subject in person and number.

Here:

• экспозиция = singular
• so the verb is зависит = it depends

If the subject were plural, the verb would also be plural:

• Параметры зависят от освещения. = The parameters depend on the lighting.

No, that would be unnatural here.

With зависеть, the normal construction is:

• зависеть от + genitive

So:

• Экспозиция зависит от освещения = correct

The expression из-за usually means because of, often with a sense of cause, and it is not the standard partner of зависеть.

So a learner should memorize:

• зависеть от чего-либо = to depend on something

Usually lighting is the most natural translation in everyday contexts.

• освещение = lighting, illumination

In technical, scientific, or formal contexts, illumination may fit better. But in a sentence like this, especially if it is about photography, lighting sounds the most natural in English.

So the sentence is most naturally understood as:

• Exposure depends on the lighting.