Форматирование зависит от целевого языка.

A word-by-word breakdown:

• Форматирование = formatting
• зависит = depends
• от = on / upon in this expression
• целевого = target (in a form that agrees with языка)
• языка = language

So the structure is literally:

Formatting depends on target language.

Russian usually does not use articles like the or a, so English adds them in translation where needed.

Зависеть is the dictionary form, the infinitive: to depend.

In the sentence, we need a finite verb that matches the subject форматирование, so Russian uses:

• зависеть = to depend
• зависит = depends

Форматирование is singular and neuter, and in the present tense Russian uses:

• я завишу = I depend
• ты зависишь = you depend
• он / она / оно зависит = he / she / it depends

Since форматирование is treated like it, the correct form is зависит.

The verb зависеть is normally used with от.

So the standard pattern is:

• зависеть от чего-то = to depend on something

Examples:

• Это зависит от времени. = It depends on the time.
• Успех зависит от практики. = Success depends on practice.

Even though от often means from, after зависеть it is best understood as part of the fixed pattern depend on.

Because от requires the genitive case.

The noun язык means language. Its genitive singular form is языка.

So:

• язык = language
• от языка = on/from the language, depending on context

Here it is specifically:

• зависит от языка = depends on the language

Adjectives in Russian must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

The noun here is языка, which is:

• masculine
• singular
• genitive

So the adjective целевой must also become masculine singular genitive:

• целевой язык = target language
• целевого языка = of the target language / on the target language

That is why you see целевого.

The basic form is:

• целевой язык = target language

In the sentence it changes to genitive after от:

• от целевого языка = depending on the target language

So:

• nominative: целевой язык
• genitive: целевого языка

Russian nouns have grammatical gender. Many nouns ending in -ие are neuter.

So:

• форматирование ends in -ие
• therefore it is neuter singular

That is why it goes naturally with a third-person singular verb:

• Форматирование зависит.

This is grammatical gender, not biological gender.

Yes, Russian word order is more flexible than English because case endings show grammatical relationships.

The neutral, standard order is:

• Форматирование зависит от целевого языка.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• От целевого языка зависит форматирование.

This version emphasizes от целевого языка a bit more, something like It is on the target language that the formatting depends.

Still, for a learner, the original order is the safest and most natural default.

Russian has no articles like a, an, or the.

So Russian says:

• целевой язык

and English may translate it as:

• a target language
• the target language

Which one is right depends on context. In your sentence, English naturally uses the target language or sometimes just target language in a technical style.

Yes. Форматирование is commonly used in technical and computing contexts.

Depending on context, it can mean things like:

• text formatting
• document formatting
• disk formatting
• layout/formatting choices

In this sentence, it most likely means formatting in a general or technical sense, especially because it depends on the target language.

In Russian, adjective + noun combinations often stay together even when the case changes.

Here:

• целевой describes язык
• together they form the phrase целевой язык = target language

When the whole phrase goes into the genitive after от, both words change:

• целевой язык → целевого языка

So it is still one unit meaning target language, just in a different case.

A practical pronunciation guide:

• Форматирование ≈ for-ma-TEE-ra-va-ni-ye
• зависит ≈ za-VEE-sit
• от ≈ ot
• целевого ≈ tsi-le-VO-va
• языка ≈ yi-zi-KA

A rough full pronunciation:

for-ma-TEE-ra-va-ni-ye za-VEE-sit ot tsi-le-VO-va yi-zi-KA

The main stress is on:

• формати́рование
• зави́сит
• целево́го
• языка́

Yes. This is a very useful pattern:

• X зависит от Y = X depends on Y

Examples:

• Результат зависит от времени. = The result depends on time.
• Цена зависит от качества. = The price depends on quality.
• Выбор зависит от ситуации. = The choice depends on the situation.

So your sentence is a good model for building many similar Russian sentences.