Перепад высот указан в треке.

Literally, перепад высот means something like difference in heights or change in elevation.

It is made of:

• перепад — a drop, difference, change, variation
• высот — of heights, the genitive plural of высота (height, altitude)

So the structure is:

• перепад + genitive plural noun

This is a very common Russian pattern, where one noun is followed by another noun in the genitive to show what kind of difference/change it is.

In natural English, this phrase is often translated as:

• elevation change
• elevation difference
• sometimes altitude difference

depending on context.

Because перепад typically takes another noun in the genitive to show what is changing or differing.

So:

• высота = height
• высот = of heights

This is similar to other Russian noun combinations like:

• карта города — map of the city
• уровень воды — water level
• перепад температур — difference in temperatures

Why plural? Because the idea is not one single height, but a range / variation between heights, so Russian naturally uses the plural here: высот.

Because указан agrees with the subject перепад, and перепад is:

• masculine
• singular

So the short-form passive participle must also be masculine singular:

• masculine singular: указан
• feminine singular: указана
• neuter singular: указано
• plural: указаны

For example:

• Перепад указан. — The elevation change is indicated.
• Высота указана. — The height is indicated.
• Расстояние указано. — The distance is indicated.
• Параметры указаны. — The parameters are indicated.

Указан is the short form passive participle of the verb указать (to indicate, specify, point out).

In sentences like this, short-form passive participles are often used where English would use:

• is indicated
• is specified
• is listed
• is given

So:

• Перепад высот указан в треке. = The elevation change is indicated in the track.

This is a very common Russian pattern:

• Адрес указан на сайте. — The address is listed on the website.
• Дата указана в документе. — The date is specified in the document.

In the present tense, Russian normally omits the verb “to be”.

So where English says:

• The elevation change is indicated in the track

Russian simply says:

• Перепад высот указан в треке.

There is no separate word for is in present-tense sentences like this.

Compare:

• Он врач. — He is a doctor.
• Адрес указан ниже. — The address is indicated below.
• Информация доступна. — The information is available.

В треке uses the prepositional case after the preposition в when it means in or inside.

Base form:

• трек — track

Prepositional singular:

• в треке — in the track

So:

• в
  • prepositional = in

This is the same pattern as:

• в документе — in the document
• в файле — in the file
• в списке — in the list

Here трек usually means a GPS track, route file, or recorded track.

Usually, в треке is the natural choice if you mean in the track / in the track file / within the track data.

• в треке = in the track data, inside the file/record

На треке would usually suggest a different meaning, more like:

• on the track
• on the route itself
• on the race track

So the choice depends on meaning:

• в треке — the information is contained in the track
• на треке — something is located on the physical track / route

For this sentence, в треке is the normal and correct choice.

No, трек is a loanword, borrowed from English track.

In modern Russian, it can mean different things depending on context, for example:

• a music track
• a race track
• a GPS track / route recording

Here it most likely means a GPS track / route file.

Loanwords like this are very common in modern Russian, especially in technology, sports, and digital contexts.

Yes. Russian word order is more flexible than English word order.

The neutral order here is:

• Перепад высот указан в треке.

But you could also see:

• В треке указан перепад высот.
• Указан в треке перепад высот. — less neutral, more stylistic

The meaning stays basically the same, but the emphasis changes:

• Перепад высот указан в треке. — neutral statement about перепад высот
• В треке указан перепад высот. — emphasis on where it is indicated

So Russian often uses word order to highlight what is new, important, or contrasted.

Yes, but it would mean something slightly different.

• указан = is indicated / is listed as a result or established fact
• указывается = is being indicated / is indicated (regularly, generally)

So:

• Перепад высот указан в треке. sounds like a finished fact: the track contains that information.

• Перепад высот указывается в треке. sounds more general or procedural, like: elevation change is indicated in the track as a rule or by convention.

In many contexts, указан is the more natural choice if you are simply describing what is present in a particular track.

A natural stress pattern would be:

• перепа́д высо́т указа́н в тре́ке

Word stress:

• перепа́д
• высо́т
• указа́н
• в тре́ке

This is useful because Russian stress is unpredictable and must often be learned word by word.

Yes — several things that are very typical of Russian:

1. No present-tense “is”

   • указан already carries the meaning is indicated

2. Noun + genitive structure

   • перепад высот = change/difference of heights

3. Agreement

   • указан matches перепад in gender and number

4. Prepositional case after в

   • в треке

So this short sentence is actually a very useful example of several core Russian grammar patterns at once.