Паспортные данные указаны в оригинале документа.

It means passport details / passport information / passport particulars.

Literally:

• паспортные = passport-related
• данные = data / details / information

In real-life Russian, паспортные данные usually refers to identifying information from a passport, such as:

• full name
• passport number
• issuing authority
• date of issue

It is a very common formal or bureaucratic phrase.

Because it agrees with данные, which is grammatically plural.

• данные is the plural form of данное, but in modern usage it often functions like a plural-only noun meaning data or details.
• Since данные is plural, the adjective must also be plural:
  • паспортные данные

So even though English might say passport information as an uncountable noun, Russian treats this expression as plural.

Указаны means indicated, specified, stated, or listed.

It comes from the verb указать = to indicate / specify / point out.

Here, указаны is a short-form passive participle, and it works like:

• are indicated
• are stated
• are specified

So the whole sentence means something like:

• The passport details are stated in the original document.

Because the subject is plural: паспортные данные.

The short-form passive participle agrees with the subject in number:

• singular neuter: указано
• plural: указаны

Compare:

• Имя указано в документе. = The name is stated in the document.
• Паспортные данные указаны в документе. = The passport details are stated in the document.

In Russian, the present tense of to be is usually not expressed.

So:

• Паспортные данные указаны... literally looks like
• Passport details indicated...

but it actually means

• Passport details are indicated...

This is completely normal in Russian. The idea of are is understood automatically.

There are two different case forms here:

• в оригинале — prepositional case
• документа — genitive case

Why?

1. в

   • location normally takes the prepositional:
   • в оригинале = in the original

2. документа is in the genitive because it depends on оригинал:

   • оригинал документа = the original of the document

So literally:

• в оригинале документа = in the original of the document

More naturally in English:

• in the original document
• in the original copy of the document

Because it is the prepositional singular form of оригинал.

The dictionary form is:

• оригинал = original

After в when it means in (location), you usually use the prepositional case:

• в оригинале

This is a regular pattern:

• документ → в документе
• архив → в архиве
• оригинал → в оригинале

Because Russian often uses the genitive to show a noun modifying another noun.

Here:

• оригинал документа = the original of the document

The second noun, документ, changes to the genitive:

• документ → документа

This is similar to:

• номер паспорта = passport number / the number of the passport
• копия договора = copy of the contract
• оригинал документа = original of the document

They are close, but not exactly identical.

• в оригинале документа = in the original of the document / in the original document copy
• в оригинальном документе = in the original document

The sentence you were given sounds more formal and bureaucratic. It emphasizes the original version/copy of the document, as opposed to a copy, translation, or scan.

So в оригинале документа is especially natural in official contexts.

Yes, it could be rearranged. Russian word order is more flexible than English.

Neutral order:

• Паспортные данные указаны в оригинале документа.

Possible variations:

• В оригинале документа указаны паспортные данные.
• Указаны паспортные данные в оригинале документа. (less neutral)

The original version sounds natural and fairly neutral in formal written Russian:

• topic: паспортные данные
• comment: указаны в оригинале документа

So the sentence first introduces what is being talked about, then says where it is stated.

In the meaning data / details / information, it is very often treated as a plural noun.

So you commonly see:

• эти данные
• данные указаны
• паспортные данные

There is also the singular adjective/noun данное in other contexts, meaning given or this item, but that is a different use.

For learners, it is best to remember:

• данные meaning data/details behaves as plural.

Yes, very formal and administrative.

Words like:

• паспортные данные
• указаны
• оригинал документа

all sound like official paperwork, legal language, forms, applications, or bureaucratic instructions.

In everyday speech, a person might say something simpler, depending on context, for example:

• Данные из паспорта есть в оригинале документа.
• Паспортная информация указана в оригинале.

But the original sentence is exactly the kind of phrasing you would expect in formal written Russian.

Sometimes yes, depending on context, but stated, listed, or specified is usually better.

• указаны does not literally mean written by hand or written down in the general sense.
• It means that the information is given, indicated, or specified in the document.

So:

• The passport details are written in the original document is understandable, but
• The passport details are stated/listed in the original document is closer to the Russian.

The subject is паспортные данные.

You can tell because:

• it is in the nominative case
• the participle указаны agrees with it in the plural

So the structure is:

• Паспортные данные = subject
• указаны = predicate
• в оригинале документа = prepositional phrase showing location

In other words:

• [The passport details] [are stated] [in the original document].