Он родился здесь.

Because родиться is the verb that means to be born, while родить means to give birth (to someone).

• Он родился = He was born
• Она родила ребёнка = She gave birth to a child

So in Russian, the person who is born uses родиться, not родить.

The -ся ending is a reflexive marker. In many verbs, it can suggest something like oneself, but you should not translate it too literally every time.

In родиться, the whole verb means to be born. It is best learned as a complete dictionary form:

• родиться = to be born

So while -ся is important grammatically, the safest approach is to memorize родиться as its own verb.

This is the past tense form of родиться for a masculine singular subject.

Russian past tense is often built like this:

• verb stem + -л for past
• then, if the verb is reflexive, add -ся
• the form also agrees with gender/number

So:

• он родился = masculine
• она родилась = feminine
• оно родилось = neuter
• они родились = plural

Because он is masculine, you get родился.

Russian usually expresses this idea with a single past-tense verb, not with to be + past participle as in English.

English:

• He was born here

Russian:

• Он родился здесь

So even though English uses a passive-looking structure, Russian normally just uses the verb родиться in the past tense.

Родиться is perfective. Birth is viewed as a single completed event, so the perfective verb is the normal one here.

You will often see:

• родиться = perfective, to be born
• рождаться = imperfective, to be in the process of being born / to be born repeatedly / used in special contexts

In ordinary statements about someone's birth, Russian almost always uses родиться:

• Он родился в Москве.
• Я родился в 1995 году.

Russian has no articles, so there is nothing corresponding to a or the.

Also, Russian often does not need extra pronouns where English does. In this sentence:

• Он = he
• родился = was born
• здесь = here

That is enough to express the full idea naturally.

Sometimes yes, depending on context.

Russian often drops subject pronouns when the subject is already clear:

• Родился здесь. = Was born here. / He was born here. (if context makes it obvious)

But in a standalone sentence for learners, Он родился здесь is perfectly normal and clear.

That is the most neutral word order for this sentence.

• Он родился здесь. = neutral, natural: He was born here.

Russian word order is flexible, so other versions are possible for emphasis:

• Здесь он родился. = It was here that he was born
• Он здесь родился. = also possible, with slightly different emphasis

So the end position for здесь is just the standard, unmarked order here.

Здесь does not take a case ending because it is an adverb, not a noun.

It means here and answers the question where?

Examples:

• Я живу здесь. = I live here.
• Он родился здесь. = He was born here.

Since it is an adverb, you do not decline it like a noun.

A learner-friendly approximation is:

• ra-DEEL-sya

A few useful notes:

• The stress is on -ди-: роди́лся
• Unstressed о sounds closer to a in normal speech
• -лся can sound compact, almost like -lsa / -lsya

And the whole sentence is approximately:

• on ra-DEEL-sya zdes'

The pronoun and the past-tense form change:

• Он родился здесь. = He was born here.
• Она родилась здесь. = She was born here.
• Они родились здесь. = They were born here.
• Я родился здесь. = I was born here. (said by a male)
• Я родилась здесь. = I was born here. (said by a female)

This is important because Russian past tense agrees with gender and number.

Yes. Both здесь and тут can mean here.

• Он родился здесь.
• Он родился тут.

Both are natural. Very generally:

• здесь can sound a bit more neutral or standard
• тут can sound a bit more conversational in some contexts

But in many everyday situations, they are interchangeable.