Нам нужны измеримый результат и ясный приоритет.

Because Russian usually expresses this idea as to us, X is needed rather than we need X.

So in the sentence:

• нам = to us
• измеримый результат и ясный приоритет = the things that are needed

That is why the person experiencing the need is in the dative case: мне, тебе, нам, вам.

Compare:

• Мне нужен план. = I need a plan.
• Нам нужны данные. = We need data.

Because the sentence names two things:

• измеримый результат
• ясный приоритет

When two nouns are joined by и, they form a plural idea, so Russian uses нужны.

Compare:

• Нам нужен результат. = We need a result.
• Нам нужен приоритет. = We need a priority.
• Нам нужны результат и приоритет. = We need a result and a priority.

So even though each noun is singular, together they require the plural form нужны.

Because with нужен / нужна / нужно / нужны, Russian treats the needed thing as the grammatical subject, not as a direct object.

So the structure is closer to:

• To us are needed a measurable result and a clear priority

That is why результат and приоритет stay in the nominative:

• результат
• приоритет

This is one of the most important differences from English, where we say we need X.

Because each adjective describes only one noun:

• измеримый describes результат
• ясный describes приоритет

Both nouns are masculine singular, so both adjectives are also masculine singular.

Only нужны is plural, because it refers to the two nouns together.

The dictionary form is нужный, meaning needed or necessary.

In this sentence, Russian uses the short form, which is very common in this construction:

• нужен — masculine singular
• нужна — feminine singular
• нужно — neuter singular
• нужны — plural

Examples:

• Мне нужен отчет.
• Мне нужна идея.
• Мне нужно решение.
• Мне нужны ресурсы.

Sometimes yes, but not as a perfect one-to-one replacement.

With concrete nouns like результат and приоритет, нужны is the most natural and precise choice in standard Russian.

• Нам нужны измеримый результат и ясный приоритет. — very natural
• Нам надо добиться измеримого результата и определить ясный приоритет. — also natural, but now the sentence is built differently, with verbs

Надо and impersonal нужно are especially common with infinitives:

• Нам нужно работать быстрее.
• Нам надо все уточнить.

So for this exact sentence, нужны is the best fit.

This is a very useful distinction.

• измеримый = measurable, something that can be measured
• измеряемый = being measured or that is measured

In business, planning, or management language, измеримый результат means a result that can be evaluated by metrics or criteria. That is exactly the idea English usually expresses with measurable result.

So here измеримый is the right word.

Yes. It sounds natural, especially in formal, strategic, or workplace language.

Here ясный means something like:

• clear
• well-defined
• not vague
• easy to understand

So ясный приоритет is a priority that is clearly identified and understood.

Depending on context, Russian could also use:

• четкий приоритет
• понятный приоритет
• ясно определенный приоритет

But ясный приоритет is perfectly normal.

No. Russian word order is flexible.

The given sentence:

• Нам нужны измеримый результат и ясный приоритет.

is a neutral, natural order.

But other orders are possible for emphasis:

• Измеримый результат и ясный приоритет нам нужны. — emphasizes the two things
• Нужны нам измеримый результат и ясный приоритет. — more marked or rhetorical

So the original version is not the only possible one, but it is a very standard choice.

Because измеримый результат and ясный приоритет are simply two coordinated items joined by one и.

In Russian, as in English, you normally do not put a comma before a single and joining two items in a simple pair.

So:

• измеримый результат и ясный приоритет

has no comma.

Because Russian has no articles like a and the.

So:

• измеримый результат can mean a measurable result or the measurable result
• ясный приоритет can mean a clear priority or the clear priority

The exact meaning depends on context. English must choose an article, but Russian does not.

Then нужен / нужна / нужно / нужны would agree with that single noun.

Examples:

• Нам нужен измеримый результат. — masculine singular
• Нам нужна ясная цель. — feminine singular
• Нам нужно четкое решение. — neuter singular

In your sentence there are two nouns, so the plural нужны is required.