Martorul spune numele.

Because Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English the.

• martor = witness
• martorul = the witness

This is very common in Romanian:

• băiat → băiatul = the boy
• om → omul = the man / the person

So martorul literally means witness-the, but in natural English it is just the witness.

For the same general reason: it is the noun with the definite article attached.

• nume = name
• numele = the name

With nume, the definite form is numele. This noun is a little unusual, so learners often need to memorize it as a whole form.

A useful thing to know: numele can also mean the names in some contexts, because nume has the same form in singular and plural. In this sentence, context tells you it means the name.

spune is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb a spune.

So it is used with subjects like:

• el spune = he says
• ea spune = she says
• martorul spune = the witness says

Other present-tense forms are:

• eu spun = I say
• tu spui = you say
• el/ea spune = he/she says
• noi spunem = we say
• voi spuneți = you all say
• ei/ele spun = they say

It can mean either say or tell, depending on context.

Examples:

• spune adevărul = tell the truth
• spune ceva = say something
• spune numele = say the name / tell the name

So English may choose say or tell, but Romanian often just uses a spune.

This is the normal Romanian word order:

Subject + Verb + Object

• Martorul = subject
• spune = verb
• numele = object

So it works very much like English:

• The witness says the name

Romanian word order is fairly flexible, but this version is the most neutral and straightforward.

Yes, Romanian allows more flexibility than English, but the emphasis changes.

For example:

• Martorul spune numele. = neutral statement
• Numele îl spune martorul. = emphasizes the name
• Spune martorul numele. = possible in some contexts, but less neutral

So the original sentence is the most basic and natural choice for a simple statement.

Because Romanian normally uses a postposed definite article: the article is attached to the end of the noun.

Compare:

• English: the witness

• Romanian: martorul

• English: the name
• Romanian: numele

This is one of the big structural differences between English and Romanian.

• martor is a masculine noun meaning witness
• nume is a neuter noun meaning name

In Romanian, neuter nouns behave like masculine in the singular and feminine in the plural.

So in this sentence:

• martorul is masculine singular
• numele is singular here, even though the form can also be plural in other contexts

A simple pronunciation guide is:

• Martorul → MAR-to-rul
• spune → SPOO-neh
• numele → NOO-me-leh

Approximate full pronunciation:

MAR-to-rul SPOO-neh NOO-me-leh

A few tips:

• u is like oo in food
• e is usually like e in met, not silent
• Romanian r is usually tapped or lightly rolled

Because the subject is already stated explicitly: martorul = the witness.

So Romanian does not need a pronoun here.

You could say:

• Martorul spune numele.

But you would not normally add el unless you want emphasis:

• Martorul, el spune numele. = marked/emphatic, not the neutral version

Romanian often leaves pronouns out when the subject is already clear.

No. Romanian uses pe before certain direct objects, especially when they are specific people.

For example:

• Văd copilul. = I see the child
• Îl văd pe copil. = common with a specific animate direct object

But numele is not a person; it is an inanimate thing, so there is no pe:

• Martorul spune numele.

That is completely normal.

Yes, but that means something slightly different: The witness says his/her own name.

• Martorul spune numele = The witness says the name
• Martorul își spune numele = The witness says his/her own name

The little word își shows that the action is reflexive or refers back to the subject. So if the intended meaning is specifically their own name, Romanian often uses își.