Mașina lovește bara de protecție.

Because Romanian usually adds the definite article to the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

• mașină = a car
• mașina = the car
• bară = a bar / a bumper bar
• bara = the bar / the bumper

So in this sentence, both nouns are definite.

lovește is the 3rd person singular present form of the verb a lovi, meaning to hit.

Here it matches the singular subject mașina.

A few present-tense forms are:

• eu lovesc = I hit
• tu lovești = you hit
• el/ea lovește = he/she/it hits
• noi lovim = we hit
• voi loviți = you all hit
• ei/ele lovesc = they hit

So mașina lovește means the car hits.

de protecție is a modifier meaning something like for protection or protective.

So bară de protecție is literally something like protection bar, which is the normal Romanian way to say bumper.

This kind of structure is very common in Romanian:

• ochelari de soare = sunglasses
• centură de siguranță = seat belt
• bară de protecție = bumper

In these expressions, the first noun is the main noun, and the de + noun part describes its function or type.

Because in Romanian, in this kind of noun phrase, the definite article usually goes on the main noun, not on the noun after de.

So:

• o bară de protecție = a bumper
• bara de protecție = the bumper

You would not normally make protecție definite here. The whole phrase becomes definite by marking bară.

Because pe is usually used with direct objects that are animate, especially people, or with strongly specific pronouns.

For an ordinary inanimate direct object like bara de protecție, Romanian normally does not use pe.

So:

• Mașina lovește bara de protecție. = normal
• Mașina lovește pe bara de protecție. = not correct in standard Romanian for this meaning

• mașina is the subject, so it is in the nominative
• bara de protecție is the direct object, so it is in the accusative

In this sentence, the forms do not look different, because for many Romanian feminine singular nouns, the nominative and accusative look the same.

So you understand their role mainly from word order and function in the sentence.

The neutral, standard order here is:

Subject + Verb + Object
Mașina lovește bara de protecție.

Romanian is more flexible than English, so other orders are possible, but they usually change the emphasis.

For example, if you move the object to the front, Romanian often uses a clitic too:

• Bara de protecție o lovește mașina.

That means roughly It is the bumper that the car hits or The bumper, the car hits it, with extra focus on bara de protecție.

So the original sentence is the most natural neutral version.

The most important ones here are:

• ș = sh as in shoe
• ț = ts as in cats

So:

• mașina sounds roughly like ma-SHEE-na
• lovește sounds roughly like lo-VEH-shte
• protecție sounds roughly like pro-TEK-tsi-e

A rough full pronunciation guide is:

ma-SHEE-na lo-VEH-shte BA-ra de pro-TEK-tsi-e

You would use the indefinite article o for these feminine singular nouns:

O mașină lovește o bară de protecție.

Compare:

• mașina = the car
• o mașină = a car
• bara = the bumper
• o bară = a bumper

Yes, both mașina and bara are feminine nouns.

Gender matters for things like:

• articles
• adjectives
• some pronouns

But it does not change the form of the verb here.
lovește is the same 3rd person singular form for he, she, or it.

So:

• Mașina lovește = the car hits
• Camionul lovește = the truck hits

Even though mașina is feminine and camionul is masculine, the verb form stays lovește.

No. Romanian usually does not use a subject pronoun if the subject is already stated or clear from context.

Here, mașina already tells you what the subject is, so adding ea would normally be unnecessary.

Natural:

• Mașina lovește bara de protecție.

Unnecessary in a neutral sentence:

• Mașina ea lovește bara de protecție.

Romanian often leaves out subject pronouns unless there is special emphasis or contrast.