Patul lui este lângă fereastră.

Because patul means the bed, while pat means just bed.

Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun, not as a separate word in front like English the.

• pat = bed
• patul = the bed

So Patul lui literally means his bed or the bed of him.

Here lui means his.

In this sentence, Patul lui means his bed.

Romanian often expresses possession with:

• the possessed noun first
• then the possessor

So the structure is very natural:

• patul lui = his bed
• literally: the bed of him

Be careful: lui can also mean to him or of him in other contexts, so its exact meaning depends on the sentence.

Romanian normally places the possessor after the noun in this kind of construction.

So:

• patul lui = his bed

This is different from English, where his comes before the noun.

A good way to think about it is:

• English: his bed
• Romanian: the bed his / the bed of him

Romanian does also have possessive adjectives like său, sa, săi, sale, but in everyday speech lui is extremely common and often sounds more natural.

Yes, you could.

Patul său also means his bed. But in modern everyday Romanian, patul lui is often more common and more natural in speech.

Very roughly:

• patul lui = very common, everyday
• patul său = correct, sometimes more formal, literary, or stylistically different

Also, său has to agree with the noun possessed:

• patul său = his bed
• cartea sa = his/her book

By contrast, lui does not change in this way.

Este means is.

So:

• Patul lui este lângă fereastră = His bed is near the window

Yes, in normal standard Romanian, you should include este here. Romanian usually needs the verb to be in this kind of sentence, just like English does.

You may hear people pronounce it less clearly in fast speech, but grammatically it is part of the sentence.

Lângă means near, next to, or beside, depending on context.

In this sentence:

• lângă fereastră = near the window

It is a preposition, so it introduces a place relationship.

Examples:

• lângă ușă = near the door
• lângă casă = near the house
• lângă mine = next to me

It is a very common word for location.

Both can be possible, depending on meaning and context.

• lângă fereastră = near a window / near the window
• lângă fereastra = near the window

Romanian does not always use the definite article in exactly the same way English does after prepositions. In many contexts, an indefinite-looking form like fereastră can still be translated naturally as the window, especially when the situation makes it clear which window is meant.

So if you were shown the translation near the window, that can still match lângă fereastră.

In a very specific context, lângă fereastra may sound more explicitly definite.

A rough English-friendly guide is LUHN-guh, but that is only approximate.

A few important points:

• â is a special Romanian vowel, pronounced in the center/back of the mouth; English does not have an exact equivalent.
• ă is the short neutral vowel, like a schwa, similar to the a in sofa.

So:

• lân- contains the Romanian â
• -gă ends with ă

If you want to sound more natural, pay special attention to those two vowels.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

PAH-tool loo-ee EH-steh LUHN-guh feh-NEAH-struh

A few notes:

• Patul = PAH-tool
• lui is usually pronounced something like loo-ee
• este = EH-steh
• lângă = LUHN-guh approximately
• fereastră has stress on reas: feh-REAS-truh

This is only an approximation in English spelling, but it can help you get started.

The normal neutral word order is:

• Patul lui este lângă fereastră.

This is the most natural basic version.

Romanian word order is somewhat flexible, so other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Lângă fereastră este patul lui. = His bed is near the window / Near the window is his bed

But for a learner, the original version is the safest and most neutral one to use.

Because Romanian usually attaches the definite article to the end of the noun.

That is one of the big differences from English.

Compare:

• English: the bed
• Romanian: patul

And similarly:

• fereastra = the window
• băiatul = the boy
• casa = the house

So instead of putting a separate word before the noun, Romanian often adds an ending to the noun itself.

Yes, that is a helpful literal breakdown.

Word by word:

• Patul = the bed
• lui = of him / his
• este = is
• lângă = near
• fereastră = window

So the sentence is structurally close to:

• The bed of him is near window

That literal version sounds strange in English, of course, but it helps explain how Romanian builds the sentence.

In this sentence, lui is understood as his.

Normally:

• lui is used for a masculine possessor: his
• ei is used for a feminine possessor: her

So:

• patul lui = his bed
• patul ei = her bed

That is the usual distinction learners should remember.