Casiera îmi dă restul repede, pentru că este târziu.

Because casiera means the cashier, while casieră means a cashier.

Romanian usually adds the definite article to the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the in English.

• casieră = a cashier
• casiera = the cashier

So in this sentence, casiera is a specific cashier.

Îmi means to me.

It is an indirect object pronoun. Romanian often uses short pronoun forms before the verb instead of a separate phrase like to me.

So:

• îmi dă = gives me / gives to me

The full version would be something like dă mie, but Romanian normally uses îmi instead, and mie would usually only be added for emphasis.

Dă is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb a da = to give.

So:

• eu dau = I give
• tu dai = you give
• el/ea dă = he/she gives

Since casiera is she/the cashier, the sentence uses dă.

Restul means the change or the remainder, while rest would be change/remainder in a more indefinite sense.

Again, Romanian attaches the definite article to the noun:

• rest = change / remainder
• restul = the change

In a shop situation, restul is very natural, because it means the specific change that belongs to the customer.

Repede is an adverb, meaning quickly / fast.

It describes how the cashier gives the change.

• dă = gives
• dă repede = gives quickly

It does not change form here.

Yes, Romanian word order is fairly flexible.

In this sentence:

• Casiera îmi dă restul repede

the adverb comes after the object, which sounds natural.

But you could also hear:

• Casiera îmi dă repede restul

That also sounds natural and means essentially the same thing. The difference is mostly one of emphasis and rhythm, not basic meaning.

Pentru că means because.

It introduces a reason:

• Casiera îmi dă restul repede = the cashier gives me the change quickly
• pentru că este târziu = because it is late

So pentru că works very much like because in English.

Romanian often leaves out subject pronouns when they are not needed, and in expressions about time or weather, English it often has no direct equivalent.

So:

• este târziu = it is late

Romanian does not need a separate word for it here. The verb form itself is enough.

This is very common in impersonal expressions:

• Este târziu = It’s late
• Este frig = It’s cold
• Este bine = It’s good

Because târziu here functions in an impersonal expression of time: este târziu = it is late.

In this use, târziu does not change to agree with a noun. It behaves more like a fixed predicate in a time expression.

Compare:

• Este târziu = It is late
• E târziu = It’s late

So you should learn este târziu as a very common set phrase.

Yes. E is the shorter spoken form of este.

So both are correct:

• este târziu
• e târziu

The full form este may sound a bit more careful or formal, while e is extremely common in everyday speech.

Because Romanian usually uses a postposed definite article: the article is attached to the end of the noun.

In this sentence:

• casiera = the cashier
• restul = the change

This is one of the big differences from English. Instead of a separate word like the, Romanian usually modifies the noun itself.

You should usually think of îmi dă as gives me.

Grammatically, îmi corresponds to to me, but in natural English translation, it becomes me after verbs like give.

So:

• îmi dă = gives me
• more literally: gives to me

This is normal with indirect object pronouns in Romanian.

The sentence is in the present tense:

• dă = gives
• este = is

Romanian often uses the present tense just like English does for a current situation. So the sentence describes what is happening now: the cashier is giving the change quickly because it is late.