Learn Hardcore Romanian: Mergem la munte toamna, când copacii sunt colorați. - We go to the mountains in autumn, when the trees are colorful.

Mergem is the first-person plural (“we”) present-tense form of a merge (“to go”). Romanian verbs change their endings according to person and number. For noi (we), the typical ending in this conjugation is -em, so “noi mergem” literally means “we go” or “we are going.”

Why do we say la munte with munte in the singular, instead of la munți (mountains)?

When talking about going to a type of place—like the seaside, the countryside, or the mountains—Romanian uses la plus the singular noun without an article:

la mare (“to the seaside”)
la țară (“to the countryside”)
la munte (“to the mountains”).
Even though English uses the plural, Romanian keeps it singular as an idiomatic expression.

Why is there no preposition before toamna, and why is it in that form with -a?

Seasons in Romanian often function adverbially (meaning “in that season”) without a preposition. The base noun toamnă (“autumn”) takes the definite article and becomes toamna when used this way. So toamna alone means “in autumn.” You could also say în toamnă, but dropping în and using the definite form is more concise and very common.

Why is there a comma before când, and what role does când play here?

The comma introduces a subordinate (relative) temporal clause. Când is a conjunction meaning “when,” linking the main clause (Mergem la munte toamna) to the time clause (copacii sunt colorați). In Romanian punctuation, you typically set off such clauses with a comma.

What is the difference between copaci and copacii, and why do we use copacii here?

Copaci is the indefinite plural (“trees” in general).
Copacii is the definite plural (“the trees”).
We use copacii because we refer to a specific group of trees on the mountain that turn colorful in autumn. The definite article -ii is appended to masculine nouns in the plural definite form.

What does sunt colorați mean, and is colorați an adjective or a past participle?

Literally, sunt colorați means “are colored.” Colorați is the past participle of a colora, but here it functions as a predicate adjective describing the state of the trees. Because copacii is masculine plural, colorați agrees in gender and number (masculine plural).

Could we express “when the trees are colored” using a reflexive verb, like copacii se colorează?

Yes. Copacii se colorează means “the trees become colored” or “the trees change color.” This form focuses on the action or process of changing color, while sunt colorați emphasizes the resulting state (“they are in a colored state”). Both are correct, but they carry slightly different nuances.

How do I pronounce the letter ț in colorați, and how can I type it?

The letter ț is pronounced /ts/, like the “ts” in “cats.” On a Romanian keyboard it usually has its own dedicated key. In other layouts you can insert it via Alt-codes (Alt+355 on Windows) or use the Romanian dead-key setup.

Is it possible to invert the word order in the time clause—for example, când sunt colorați copacii?

Yes, Romanian allows some flexibility: când sunt colorați copacii is grammatically correct and still means “when the trees are colored.” However, the more neutral or common order is când copacii sunt colorați, with the subject (copacii) before the verb.