Formularul de adopție identifică adoptatorul.

Because Romanian puts the definite article at the end of the noun.

• formular = a form
• formularul = the form

So formularul de adopție means the adoption form.

A useful extra detail: formular is a neuter noun. In Romanian, neuter nouns usually behave like masculine in the singular and feminine in the plural, which is why the singular definite ending here is -ul.

For the same reason: -ul is the definite article.

• adoptator = an adopter
• adoptatorul = the adopter

Even though adoptatorul is the direct object in this sentence, Romanian usually uses the same form for nominative and accusative singular nouns. So the form itself does not change here.

Here de links two nouns and shows a relationship like of, for, or related to.

So:

• formular de adopție = adoption form
• literally something like form for adoption / form of adoption

This pattern is very common in Romanian:

• certificat de naștere = birth certificate
• carte de identitate = identity card
• contract de muncă = employment contract

Because after de, Romanian often uses a bare noun when it describes the type, purpose, or category of something.

So:

• formular de adopție = a form for adoption
• formularul de adopție = the adoption form

If you said de adopția, it would not fit this normal classification pattern.

Because identifică is the 3rd person singular present tense form of a identifica.

Present tense:

• eu identific = I identify
• tu identifici = you identify
• el/ea identifică = he/she/it identifies

The subject here is formularul de adopție, which is singular, so Romanian uses the 3rd person singular form: identifică.

Mostly because of word order and overall sentence structure.

This is a normal subject–verb–object pattern:

• Formularul de adopție = subject
• identifică = verb
• adoptatorul = object

Romanian often works like English here. In a neutral sentence, the noun phrase before the verb is usually the subject, and the noun after the verb is usually the object.

Also, the meaning of the sentence supports that reading: a form is the thing doing the identifying, and the adopter is the one being identified.

That is a very good question, because learners often notice that Romanian commonly uses pe with specific human direct objects.

In everyday Romanian, you will often hear something like:

• Formularul de adopție îl identifică pe adoptator.

Here:

• pe marks the human direct object
• îl repeats it as a clitic pronoun

However, in formal, administrative, or legal-style wording, Romanian sometimes uses a more compact phrasing like the one in your sentence:

• Formularul de adopție identifică adoptatorul.

So the given sentence is understandable and fits a formal/register-heavy style. In more ordinary speech, pe adoptator would often sound more natural.

Grammatically, yes: adoptator is the masculine singular form.

• masculine: adoptator
• feminine: adoptatoare

In legal or formal language, the masculine singular is often used in a generic sense, not necessarily to refer only to a male person. So depending on context, adoptatorul may mean:

• the male adopter, or
• the adopter as a legal role

The main ones here are:

• ț in adopție = ts sound, like the end of cats
• ă in identifică = a short neutral vowel, like the last sound in sofa

So:

• adopție is roughly a-dop-tsi-e
• identifică ends with that short ă sound, not a full a

These diacritics are important, because they change pronunciation and sometimes meaning.

Yes. This is a very normal neutral Romanian sentence pattern:

subject + verb + object

• Formularul de adopție
• identifică
• adoptatorul

Romanian word order can be more flexible than English, especially for emphasis, but this version is the straightforward, unmarked one.