Anestezia locală amorțește gingia.

Because anestezia is the definite singular form of anestezie (anesthesia).

• anestezie = anesthesia / an anesthetic procedure
• anestezia = the anesthesia

Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English the.

So:

• anestezie locală = local anesthesia
• anestezia locală = the local anesthesia

In medical or general statements, Romanian often uses the definite form where English might sound more general.

Because the adjective has to agree with the noun in gender, number, and definiteness.

Here:

• anestezie / anestezia is feminine singular
• so the adjective must also be feminine singular
• therefore: locală

Compare:

• anestezic local = local anesthetic (masculine noun)
• anestezie locală = local anesthesia (feminine noun)

So locală matches anestezia.

In Romanian, adjectives often come after the noun.

So:

• anestezia locală literally = the anesthesia local
• natural English = the local anesthesia

This noun + adjective order is very common in Romanian:

• casa mare = the big house
• durere puternică = strong pain

Sometimes adjectives can come before the noun, but after the noun is the normal pattern here.

Amorțește means numbs, makes numb, or causes to lose sensation.

In this sentence, it means that the local anesthesia causes the gum to become numb.

It comes from the verb a amorți = to numb / to become numb.

So:

• Anestezia locală amorțește gingia. = The local anesthesia numbs the gum.

Depending on context, a amorți can be:

• transitive: to numb something
• intransitive: to go numb

For example:

• Mi-a amorțit mâna. = My hand went numb.
• Medicamentul amorțește zona. = The medication numbs the area.

Because Romanian verbs change form depending on the subject and tense.

Here the subject is anestezia locală, which is:

• third person
• singular
• present tense

So the verb takes the 3rd person singular present form:

• a amorți = infinitive
• amorțește = it numbs

This kind of stem change is normal in Romanian conjugation. Many verbs do not keep the exact same shape as the infinitive in every form.

For the same reason as anestezia: it is the definite singular form.

• gingie = gum
• gingia = the gum

So the sentence is literally:

• The local anesthesia numbs the gum.

Romanian very often uses the definite article with body parts and specific affected areas.

Romanian often uses the singular where English prefers the plural, especially when talking about tissue or a body area in a general sense.

So:

• gingia can refer to the gum tissue as a whole
• English often says the gums

That means this Romanian sentence may be translated naturally as either:

• The local anesthesia numbs the gum.
• The local anesthesia numbs the gums.

The Romanian singular is completely normal here.

No—gingie means the gum in your mouth, the tissue around the teeth.

It does not mean chewing gum.

For chewing gum, Romanian usually says:

• gumă de mestecat

So there is no confusion in this sentence: gingia clearly means the dental gum.

Yes. It follows the basic Subject–Verb–Object order:

• Anestezia locală = subject
• amorțește = verb
• gingia = object

So it is a very straightforward sentence structurally:

The local anesthesia + numbs + the gum

Romanian can vary word order more than English, but this is the most neutral and standard order here.

The special letters here are:

• ă in locală
• ț in amorțește
• ș in amorțește

Approximate pronunciation:

• ă = a short central vowel, somewhat like the a in about
• ț = ts as in cats
• ș = sh as in ship

So amorțește sounds roughly like a-mor-TSESH-te.

Also, gia in gingia is pronounced with a soft j sound, like the g in giant.

Yes, you could, and it would mean The local anesthesia numbs the gums.

The difference is mostly one of viewpoint:

• gingia = the gum tissue as one area / mass
• gingiile = the gums, viewed as a plural set

In many contexts, the singular gingia sounds very natural in Romanian, even where English would prefer gums.

Not exactly.

• anestezia locală = local anesthesia
  This refers to the procedure, effect, or type of anesthesia.

• anestezicul local = the local anesthetic
  This refers more directly to the substance/drug.

So the sentence as given focuses on the anesthesia as the thing producing numbness, not specifically the chemical agent. Both can work in medical contexts, but they are not identical.