Umflătura este pe gingie.

Because umflătura is the definite form: the swelling.

In Romanian, the definite article is usually attached to the end of the noun instead of being a separate word like the in English.

• umflătură = a swelling / swelling
• umflătura = the swelling

So Umflătura este pe gingie literally starts with The swelling...

Este is the 3rd person singular form of the verb a fi = to be.

So here it means is:

• eu sunt = I am
• tu ești = you are
• el/ea este = he/she/it is

In everyday Romanian, people often say e instead of este:

• Umflătura este pe gingie.
• Umflătura e pe gingie.

Both are correct. E is just more common in casual speech.

Here pe means on.

So:

• pe gingie = on the gum / on a gum

This is the normal preposition for physical position on a surface or area.

A useful note for learners: pe can also have other uses in Romanian, especially as a marker before certain direct objects, but that is not what is happening here. In this sentence, it is simply the preposition on.

This is a very common learner question, because English would usually say on the gum.

Romanian does not always use articles in the same way English does. With body parts and location phrases, Romanian often uses the noun without the definite article when the meaning is already clear from context.

So pe gingie is a natural way to say on the gum in this kind of sentence.

Compare:

• pe gingie = on the gum
• pe gingia mea = on my gum
• pe gingia de sus = on the upper gum

If you want to be more explicit, you can add a possessive or other detail, but the shorter pe gingie is perfectly normal.

Gingie is singular. It means gum.

Forms:

• gingie = gum
• gingia = the gum
• gingii = gums
• gingiile = the gums

So this sentence refers to one gum area, not the gums in general.

If you wanted on the gums, you would normally use pe gingii.

Gingie is pronounced approximately like JEEN-jee-eh, but with Romanian sounds.

A few details:

• gi before e or i sounds like the j in job
• the first syllable is gin-, with a soft j sound, not a hard g as in go
• the ending -ie is pronounced as two vowels, not like English -ee

So gingie is not pronounced like English ginger or gimpy. It has a clear Romanian j sound at the start.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

oom-fluh-TZU-ra ES-te pe JIN-jee-eh

More carefully:

• Umflătura → oom-fluh-TZU-ra
• este → ES-te
• pe → peh
• gingie → JIN-jee-eh

A couple of pronunciation notes:

• ă is a short central vowel, somewhat like the a in sofa
• ț sounds like ts
• stress in umflătura falls on -tu-

Yes, but Umflătura este pe gingie is the most neutral order.

Romanian word order is fairly flexible. You may also hear:

• E o umflătură pe gingie. = There is a swelling on the gum.
• Pe gingie este o umflătură. = On the gum there is a swelling.

These versions shift the focus a little:

• starting with Umflătura focuses on the swelling
• starting with Pe gingie focuses on the location

Not always. Umflătură can mean things like:

• swelling
• bump
• lump

The best English translation depends on context. In a medical or dental sentence like this one, swelling is a very natural choice.

So learners should remember that it is a general word for a raised or swollen area.

Yes, but in everyday speech they might more often say something like:

• Am o umflătură pe gingie. = I have a swelling on my gum.
• Mi-a apărut o umflătură pe gingie. = A swelling appeared on my gum.

Your sentence, Umflătura este pe gingie, is grammatically correct and clear, but it sounds a bit more like a statement describing the location of a swelling that has already been mentioned.