Busuiocul răsare după ce semănăm sămânța.

Busuiocul means the basil. Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

• busuioc = basil
• busuiocul = the basil

So the ending -ul is the masculine/neuter singular definite article here.

In context, Romanian often uses the definite form when talking about a specific plant or the plant in a general, concrete sense.

Răsare here means sprouts, comes up, or emerges from the soil.

It comes from the verb a răsări = to sprout / to emerge / to come up.

So:

• busuiocul răsare = the basil sprouts / the basil comes up

This is more specific than just grows. It refers to the stage when the plant first appears after being sown.

Because the subject is busuiocul, which is third person singular.

The verb a răsări is conjugated like this in the present tense:

• eu răsar = I sprout / I come up
• tu răsari
• el/ea răsare
• noi răsărim
• voi răsăriți
• ei/ele răsar

Since busuiocul = the basil = it, Romanian uses răsare.

Because după ce introduces a whole clause: after we sow the seed.

• după
  • noun = after
    • noun
      Example: după masă = after the meal
• după ce
  • verb/clause = after
    • subject + verb / after doing something

So in your sentence:

• după ce semănăm sămânța = after we sow the seed

Using only după here would be incomplete unless it was followed by a noun phrase instead of a full verb clause.

Semănăm is first person plural present of a semăna = to sow.

So it means:

• we sow

The full clause is:

• după ce semănăm sămânța = after we sow the seed

Romanian often leaves out the subject pronoun when the verb ending already shows who the subject is. So noi is not needed:

• (noi) semănăm = we sow

Yes. Very often, Romanian uses first person plural in a general or instructional way, similar to English we in sentences like:

• First, we plant the seed. Then it grows.

So here, semănăm may mean:

• we sow
• or more generally, after sowing the seed / after one sows the seed

It depends on context. The sentence can sound like a general fact about how basil grows.

Sămânța means the seed.

• sămânță = seed
• o sămânță = a seed
• sămânța = the seed

Romanian often uses the definite article in places where English might or might not use it, depending on context. In this sentence, sămânța sounds natural because it refers to the seed being sown in this specific process.

So:

• semănăm sămânța = we sow the seed

If you said semănăm o sămânță, that would mean we sow a seed, which is possible, but it sounds more like one individual seed rather than the general act.

Romanian often uses the present tense for:

• general truths
• habitual actions
• instructions
• descriptions of natural processes

So this sentence means something like:

• The basil sprouts after we sow the seed
• Basil sprouts after the seed is sown

It is not necessarily about one single event happening right now. It can describe a regular sequence or a general fact.

Yes. Romanian word order is fairly flexible.

Your sentence:

• Busuiocul răsare după ce semănăm sămânța.

A very natural alternative is:

• După ce semănăm sămânța, busuiocul răsare.

Both mean the same thing. The difference is mainly emphasis:

• starting with Busuiocul răsare focuses first on the basil
• starting with După ce semănăm sămânța focuses first on the sequence of events

The main ones learners notice are:

• ă in răsare, semănăm, sămânța
• â in sămânța
• ț in sămânța

A simple guide:

• ă = a short neutral vowel, like the a in English sofa
• â = a deeper central vowel, a sound English does not really have
• ț = ts, like in cats

So roughly:

• Busuiocul → boo-swee-O-kul
• răsare → roughly ruh-SA-re
• semănăm → roughly seh-muh-NUM
• sămânța → roughly suh-MUHN-tsa

These are only approximations, but they help.

Good question. They are related, but not the same.

• răsare = sprouts / emerges from the ground
• crește = grows

So:

• Busuiocul răsare = the basil first appears
• Busuiocul crește = the basil grows bigger

If you are talking about the moment after sowing when the plant starts to come up, răsare is the better word.

It is the same form, ce, but here it does not mean what.

In după ce, the expression works together as a fixed phrase meaning after when followed by a clause.

So:

• ce? = what?
• după ce semănăm sămânța = after we sow the seed

This is very common in Romanian: a word may have one meaning by itself, but a different function inside a set expression.