Sponsorul susține cursa caritabilă cu o donație.

Because Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

• sponsor = a sponsor
• sponsorul = the sponsor

For many masculine singular nouns, the definite ending is -ul.

Susține is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb a susține.

So:

• eu susțin = I support
• el/ea susține = he/she supports
• sponsorul susține = the sponsor supports

In context, the Romanian present can also sometimes match English is supporting, depending on the situation.

The basic noun is cursă = race.

When it becomes definite, Romanian adds the definite article to the end:

• o cursă = a race
• cursa = the race

With many feminine nouns ending in -ă, that final -ă changes when the definite ending is added, so cursă becomes cursa.

In Romanian, adjectives usually come after the noun.

So:

• cursa caritabilă = the charity race / the charitable race

That is the normal word order. English often puts modifiers before the noun, but Romanian usually puts them after.

If you put the adjective before the noun, it can sound more literary, emphatic, or stylistically marked.

Because the adjective has to agree with cursă/cursa, which is feminine singular.

So the adjective appears in its feminine singular form:

• masculine singular: caritabil
• feminine singular: caritabilă

This agreement is very important in Romanian.

Not exactly. Caritabilă literally means charitable.

So Romanian expresses the idea as something like the charitable race, while natural English often says the charity race.

This is a very common difference between Romanian and English: Romanian may use an adjective where English prefers a noun modifier.

Cu usually means with, and here it shows the means or method.

So cu o donație means that the sponsor supports the race by means of a donation or with a donation.

It does not just mean physical accompaniment. It tells you how the sponsor is supporting the race.

Because the sentence is talking about a donation, not the donation.

• o donație = a donation
• donația = the donation

O is the feminine singular indefinite article here. It can also mean one, depending on context, but in this sentence it simply works like English a.

Because pe is not normally used before inanimate direct objects like cursa.

In Romanian, pe often marks specific human or animate direct objects, especially pronouns and people:

• Văd omul. = I see the man.
• Îl văd pe omul acela. = I see that man.

But with an inanimate noun like cursa, you normally just say susține cursa, not susține pe cursa.

Yes. Romanian word order is fairly flexible, although this sentence has the most neutral order:

• Sponsorul susține cursa caritabilă cu o donație.

You could also say:

• Cu o donație, sponsorul susține cursa caritabilă.

That version puts more emphasis on how the sponsor supports the race.

So the original sentence is the most straightforward, standard choice.

Two useful ones here are:

• ț as in susține and donație: pronounced like ts in cats
• ă as in caritabilă: a short neutral vowel, similar to the a in about

So paying attention to the diacritics matters, because they are real parts of the spelling and pronunciation.