Bibliotecarul prelungește împrumutul.

Because Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

• bibliotecar = librarian

• bibliotecarul = the librarian

• împrumut = loan / borrowing
• împrumutul = the loan

In this sentence, -ul is the masculine/neuter singular definite article.

Usually, no. In sentences like this, Romanian attaches the directly to the noun.

Compare:

• un bibliotecar = a librarian

• bibliotecarul = the librarian

• un împrumut = a loan
• împrumutul = the loan

This is one of the big differences from English.

Prelungește is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb a prelungi.

So it matches a subject like:

• el = he
• ea = she
• bibliotecarul = the librarian

In context, it can mean:

• extends
• is extending

Romanian present tense often covers both the simple present and the present continuous, depending on context.

The dictionary form is a prelungi, meaning to extend.

A few present-tense forms are:

• eu prelungesc = I extend
• tu prelungești = you extend
• el/ea prelungește = he/she extends

So prelungește is the form that goes with bibliotecarul.

In a library context, împrumutul usually means the loan, the borrowing, or the checkout period.

So the sentence is not saying the librarian makes a physical object longer. It means the librarian extends the period during which the item may be kept.

That is why in natural English this sentence is often understood as The librarian renews the loan or The librarian extends the loan period.

Împrumut is a neuter noun.

In Romanian, neuter nouns behave:

• like masculine in the singular
• like feminine in the plural

So you get:

• un împrumut = a loan
• împrumutul = the loan
• două împrumuturi = two loans

That is why the singular definite form looks masculine: împrumutul.

Romanian often leaves out subject pronouns when they are not needed.

Here, the subject is already clearly stated:

• Bibliotecarul = the librarian

So there is no need to add el.

Also, the verb form prelungește already shows that the subject is 3rd person singular.

The normal, neutral word order here is:

• Subject + Verb + Object
• Bibliotecarul prelungește împrumutul.

Romanian is more flexible than English, but changing the order usually adds emphasis or changes the focus.

For a beginner, this sentence is best understood as standard SVO word order.

Because pe is usually used with specific animate direct objects, especially people.

For example, Romanian often uses pe with a person:

• Văd profesorul.
• Îl văd pe profesor.

But împrumutul is an inanimate thing, so pe is not used here.

The main special letters are:

• î in împrumutul
  This sound does not have a direct English equivalent. It is a central vowel typical of Romanian.

• ă in prelungește
  This is like the a in about.

• ș in prelungește
  This is like sh in ship.

So for an English speaker, the trickiest part is usually î.

Because Romanian spelling normally uses:

• î at the beginning or end of a word
• â inside a word

Since împrumut begins with that sound, it is spelled with î.

So:

• împrumut
• împrumutul

follow the normal spelling rule.

Grammatically, yes: bibliotecarul is masculine singular and most naturally refers to a male librarian.

If you want to say the female librarian, you would normally say:

• bibliotecara

So:

• Bibliotecarul prelungește împrumutul. = The male librarian extends the loan.
• Bibliotecara prelungește împrumutul. = The female librarian extends the loan.