Olarul verifică grosimea și textura.

Because -ul is the definite article attached to the end of a masculine singular noun in Romanian.

• olar = potter
• olarul = the potter

Unlike English, Romanian usually puts the at the end of the noun instead of before it.

Verifică is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb a verifica = to check / to verify.

So:

• eu verific = I check
• tu verifici = you check
• el/ea verifică = he/she checks

In this sentence, olarul verifică means the potter checks.

The final ă is part of the normal present-tense ending for many Romanian verbs in the 3rd person singular.

Here it marks the form used with:

• el = he
• ea = she
• nouns like olarul

So verifică is the correct form for the potter checks.

Also, ă is a special Romanian vowel. It is pronounced somewhat like the a in sofa, but shorter and more central.

Because they are also definite nouns:

• grosime = thickness
• grosimea = the thickness
• textură = texture
• textura = the texture

So the sentence literally contains:

• the potter
• checks
• the thickness
• and
• the texture

Romanian often uses the definite form where English might or might not use the, depending on context.

Yes. Grosimea comes from gros, which means thick.

Related forms:

• gros = thick
• grosime = thickness
• grosimea = the thickness

This is a common Romanian pattern: an adjective can have a related noun ending in -ime.

Because ș is a separate Romanian letter, pronounced like sh in shoe.

So:

• și = and
• pronounced roughly shee

Without the diacritic, si would be incorrect in standard Romanian spelling.

The basic dictionary form is usually textură = texture.

When it becomes definite, it becomes textura = the texture.

This is normal in Romanian: some feminine nouns ending in -ură change to -ura when the definite article is added.

So:

• textură = texture
• textura = the texture

Because Romanian usually expresses the by attaching it to the noun.

So instead of separate words like English:

• the potter
• the thickness
• the texture

Romanian uses:

• olarul
• grosimea
• textura

This is one of the biggest structural differences between English and Romanian.

Yes, Romanian word order is fairly flexible, but Olarul verifică grosimea și textura is the most natural neutral order.

It follows the common pattern:

• subject + verb + object

Other orders are possible for emphasis, but they can sound more marked or literary. For a learner, the given order is the safest and most standard.

Because pe is usually used before direct objects that are people or specific animate beings, especially with personal names or pronouns.

Here the objects are things:

• grosimea
• textura

So no pe is needed.

Compare:

• Văd olarul. = I see the potter.
• Îl văd pe olar. = I see the potter.
  Here pe can appear because olarul is a person.

But with inanimate nouns like grosimea and textura, Romanian normally does not use pe.

It can be either, depending on context.

The Romanian present tense often covers both:

• The potter checks the thickness and texture = habitual / general action
• The potter is checking the thickness and texture = action happening now

Romanian does not need a special continuous form like English is checking. The simple present verifică can do both jobs.

You would remove the attached definite article and use the separate indefinite article un:

• Un olar verifică grosimea și textura. = A potter checks the thickness and texture.

So:

• olar = potter
• un olar = a potter
• olarul = the potter

This contrast is very useful to learn early.