Learn Hardcore Portuguese (Portugal): Ninguém quer morrer cedo.

As a subject:
- Ninguém quer morrer cedo. – Nobody wants to die early.
As an object:
- Não vi ninguém. – I didn’t see anyone / I saw nobody.

So:

ninguém ≈ nobody / no one (in negative meaning)
alguém ≈ somebody / someone

Why is there no separate word for “not”? Why isn’t it Ninguém não quer morrer cedo?

In this sentence, ninguém itself already carries the negative meaning.

Ninguém quer morrer cedo.
Literally: No one wants to die early.

You must not add não in front of the verb here:

✗ Ninguém não quer morrer cedo. – This sounds wrong in standard Portuguese (it is like saying “Nobody doesn’t want to die early.”).

However, não does appear with ninguém when ninguém is after the verb:

Não vi ninguém. – I didn’t see anyone / I saw nobody.

So think:

Subject is negative: Ninguém quer… → no não.
Verb is negated and the object is negative: Não quero ninguém aqui.

Why is the verb quer singular if ninguém seems to refer to many people?

Grammatically, ninguém is singular, even though in meaning it can refer to people in general.

So:

Ninguém quer morrer cedo.
Verb: quer (3rd person singular)
Because ninguém = “no person” → singular.

Compare:

Toda a gente quer viver. – Everybody wants to live.
(Toda a gente is grammatically singular too, so you still use quer, not querem.)

In short: verbs with ninguém are always 3rd person singular.

Why is it quer morrer and not quer morre?

In Portuguese, when you use querer to express wanting to do something, it is followed by the infinitive form of the second verb.

Pattern:

querer + infinitive

So you say:

Ele quer morrer. – He wants to die.
✗ Ele quer morre. – incorrect (you are mixing a finite form with the pattern that requires an infinitive).

Other examples:

Quero comer. – I want to eat.
Ela quer viajar. – She wants to travel.

Could I say Ninguém querer morrer cedo instead of Ninguém quer morrer cedo?

No. You need a fully conjugated verb in the sentence.

Quer is the present tense, 3rd person singular of querer.
Querer is the infinitive; it cannot stand alone as the main verb here.

Correct:

Ninguém quer morrer cedo.

Incorrect:

✗ Ninguém querer morrer cedo.

You only use the infinitive querer in structures like:

É normal ninguém querer morrer cedo.
Here querer is inside a bigger phrase and depends on é normal.

What part of speech is cedo, and why is there no article or gender with it?

Cedo is an adverb meaning “early”.

Adverbs in Portuguese:

Do not have gender (no masculine/feminine).
Do not have number (no singular/plural).
Do not take articles.

That is why you just say:

morrer cedo – to die early
and not:
✗ morrer o cedo
✗ morrer cedoo or anything similar.

More examples with cedo:

Acordo cedo. – I wake up early.
Chegaste muito cedo. – You arrived very early.

Does cedo here mean “young”? How is it different from jovem?

Cedo literally means “early.” In this sentence, it means early in life / earlier than expected, which often overlaps with the idea of “dying young”, but it is a slightly different focus.

morrer cedo – to die earlier than the natural / expected time, often in youth or middle age.
morrer jovem – to die young (focus clearly on being young in age).

Examples:

Ele morreu cedo. – He died early (in life / earlier than one would expect).
Could be 35, 45, even 55 depending on context.
Ele morreu jovem. – He died young.
Stronger focus on being a young person.

So Ninguém quer morrer cedo = Nobody wants to die earlier than they “should”, not necessarily only in childhood or teens.

Could I say Ninguém quer morrer jovem? Is it the same?

Yes, you can say:

Ninguém quer morrer jovem.

It is very close in meaning, but:

cedo → highlights timing (too early).
jovem → highlights age (young).

In many everyday contexts, people use morrer cedo more often as a general statement about life:
Ninguém quer morrer cedo. – Nobody wants to die before their time.

Why is there no preposition, like de or a, before morrer? Why not quer de morrer cedo?

With querer, you normally go straight to the infinitive of the verb, without a preposition.

So:

querer + infinitive
→ quer morrer, quer comer, quer sair.

Incorrect:

✗ quer de morrer
✗ quer a morrer

Prepositions can appear with other verbs:

começar a morrer – to start to die
parar de fumar – to stop smoking

But querer itself does not take a preposition before another verb.

How do you pronounce ninguém, and where is the stress?

In European Portuguese:

Spelling: ninguém
Stress: on the last syllable: -guém
Approximate pronunciation: neen-GENG (with a nasal final sound)

Details:

nh = a palatal nasal, like the “ny” in “canyon”, but as a single sound: ni- is like “nee” plus this nasal ny.
guém:
- The é is stressed and open, similar to the “e” in “bed”.
- Final -em is nasal; in European Portuguese it’s like a nasal “eɪn / eŋ”.

So you get something close to:

ni- (nasal ny sound) + -GUÉM (nasal)

You do not pronounce the u as a separate vowel; it just softens the g before e.

Why does ninguém have an accent on the é?

The acute accent in ninguém serves two main functions:

Stress position:
It shows that the stress is on the last syllable: ni-GUÉM.
Vowel quality:
The acute accent (é) usually marks an open /ɛ/ sound (like “e” in “bed”), as opposed to ê which is a closed /e/ sound.

Also, without the accent, a final em would often be unstressed in Portuguese. The accent guarantees:

correct stress, and
correct vowel sound in that syllable.

Can ninguém be used in questions and with other negatives like nunca?

Yes, but with some care.

In questions, the most natural is to use alguém:

Alguém quer morrer cedo? – Does anyone want to die early?

You could see ninguém in rhetorical questions:

Ninguém quer morrer cedo, pois não? – Nobody wants to die early, right?
(Here, you already know/assume the answer is “no.”)

With other negatives, multiple negatives are normal in Portuguese and usually reinforce the negation:

Ninguém quer morrer cedo, nunca. – Nobody ever wants to die early (at any time).
Ninguém nunca quer morrer cedo. – also heard; very emphatic.

So Portuguese accepts double/multiple negatives for emphasis, unlike standard English.

Can I change the word order, like Cedo ninguém quer morrer?

The neutral word order is:

Ninguém quer morrer cedo.
Subject – Verb – Infinitive – Adverb.

You can move words around for emphasis or style, but the sentence becomes more marked or poetic:

Cedo ninguém quer morrer.
Emphasises cedo (“early”): Early, nobody wants to die.

This is possible but sounds:

more literary,
or like you are strongly stressing “early”.

For everyday, neutral speech, keep:

Ninguém quer morrer cedo.

Is morrer a regular verb? How is it conjugated in the present tense?

Morrer is mostly regular, but it has a small irregularity in the 1st person singular of the present tense.

Presente do indicativo (European Portuguese):

eu morro – I die
tu morres – you die (singular, informal)
ele / ela morre – he / she dies
nós morremos – we die
vocês morrem – you die (plural)
eles / elas morrem – they die

So in the sentence:

Ninguém quer morrer cedo.
morrer is the infinitive, not conjugated, because it follows quer.

Is this sentence specific to European Portuguese, or would Brazilians say the same?

The sentence Ninguém quer morrer cedo. is perfectly natural in both:

European Portuguese
Brazilian Portuguese

The grammar and vocabulary are the same. The main difference would be:

pronunciation (Brazilian versus European accent),
very slight preference differences in some contexts (e.g. sometimes morrer jovem might be more frequent in certain styles).

But you can safely use Ninguém quer morrer cedo in Portugal and in Brazil.