Ta nieruchomość ma dwóch właścicieli.

Because nieruchomość is a feminine singular noun, and the demonstrative has to agree with it.

• ten = masculine
• ta = feminine
• to = neuter

So:

• ten dom = this/that house
• ta nieruchomość = this/that property
• to mieszkanie = this/that apartment

Here ta nieruchomość is the subject, so it is in the nominative.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Polish ten / ta / to often covers both this and that, and the exact meaning comes from the situation, tone, or extra words. So ta nieruchomość could be:

• this property
• that property

If context already makes it clear which property is meant, Polish does not always need to distinguish the way English sometimes does.

Nieruchomość is a common word for property or real estate, especially in a legal, formal, or real-estate context.

It can refer to:

• a house
• an apartment
• land
• a building
• a property as a legal object

So it is broader and more formal than just dom (house) or mieszkanie (apartment).

Ma is the 3rd person singular present tense of mieć (to have).

The subject is ta nieruchomość, which is singular, so the verb is singular too:

• mam = I have
• masz = you have
• ma = he/she/it has

So Ta nieruchomość ma... literally means This/that property has...

Because Polish normally uses mieć for possession, just like English uses to have.

So:

• Ta nieruchomość ma dwóch właścicieli. = This property has two owners.

If you used jest, you would need a different structure, for example:

• Ta nieruchomość jest własnością dwóch osób.
  = This property is the property of two people.

That is grammatical, but it is a different sentence pattern.

There are two important reasons.

1. Właściciel refers to people, so it belongs to the masculine personal group.
With masculine-personal nouns, Polish does not use dwa here.

2. This phrase is the object of the verb ma, so it is not in the basic subject form.

That is why you get:

• dwóch właścicieli in this sentence

Compare:

• Dwaj właściciele mają tę nieruchomość.
  = Two owners have this property.

Here dwaj właściciele is the subject, so the form is different.

In everyday Polish, you may also hear dwóch właścicieli used where textbooks might prefer dwaj właściciele, but dwa właściciele is not correct.

The dictionary form is właściciel, which means owner.

Useful related forms:

• właściciel = owner
• właściciele = owners
• właścicieli = a form used in phrases like this one

There is also a feminine singular form:

• właścicielka = female owner

Not necessarily.

In Polish, the masculine personal plural is also used for:

• a group of men
• a mixed group of men and women
• a group whose gender is not being specified

So dwóch właścicieli can mean:

• two male owners, or
• two owners where at least one is male, or
• two owners when gender is not the focus

If both owners are women, Polish would usually say:

• Ta nieruchomość ma dwie właścicielki.

Yes.

You can say:

• Nieruchomość ma dwóch właścicieli.

That is grammatical. Adding ta makes the noun more specific, like this/that property.

This is especially useful for English speakers because Polish has no articles. So where English often says the property, Polish may simply say nieruchomość, or it may use ta nieruchomość if it wants to point to a specific one more clearly.

No, Polish word order is fairly flexible, but the original order is the most neutral:

• Ta nieruchomość ma dwóch właścicieli.

That is a normal subject + verb + object order.

You can move things around for emphasis, for example:

• Dwóch właścicieli ma ta nieruchomość.

But that sounds marked and emphasizes dwóch właścicieli. A learner should usually stick with the original order unless there is a reason to emphasize something.

A few helpful pronunciation points:

• ł sounds like English w
• ś is a soft sh-like sound
• ci before a vowel is also a soft sound
• Polish stress usually falls on the second-to-last syllable

So:

• nieruchomość → stress on CHO
  roughly: nyeh-roo-CHO-mość
• właścicieli → stress on CIE
  roughly: vwa-ści-CIE-li

The rough English-style spellings are only approximate, but the stress pattern is very important.

You can use the same pattern:

• Ta nieruchomość ma jednego właściciela.
  = This property has one owner.

• Ta nieruchomość ma trzech właścicieli.
  = This property has three owners.

• Ta nieruchomość ma czterech właścicieli.
  = This property has four owners.

And if both owners are women:

• Ta nieruchomość ma dwie właścicielki.

So the sentence is a good model for talking about ownership with different numbers.