Ten sweter jest brudny, bo spadł na mokrą podłogę.

to be

Breakdown of Ten sweter jest brudny, bo spadł na mokrą podłogę.

• bo: because
• podłoga: the floor
• ten: this

Questions & Answers about Ten sweter jest brudny, bo spadł na mokrą podłogę.

Why does the sentence start with ten?

Ten means this and agrees with the noun sweter.

Because sweter is a masculine singular noun, the correct form is ten.

Compare:

• ten sweter = this sweater
• ta koszulka = this T-shirt
• to krzesło = this chair

So you choose ten / ta / to depending on the gender of the noun.

How do I know that sweter is masculine?

In Polish, nouns have grammatical gender. Sweter is masculine, which you can see from the forms used with it:

• ten sweter
• brudny sweter
• sweter spadł

Those masculine forms all match sweter.

A lot of masculine nouns end in a consonant, and sweter does too, so that is a useful clue.

Why is it brudny and not brudna or brudne?

Adjectives in Polish must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Since sweter is masculine singular, the adjective must also be masculine singular:

• brudny sweter = dirty sweater
• ten sweter jest brudny = this sweater is dirty

Other forms would be used with other noun types:

• brudna podłoga = dirty floor
• brudne okno = dirty window

So brudny matches sweter.