Ta gałąź jest zbyt nisko i dotyka okna.

Because gałąź is a feminine noun, so it takes the feminine form of this: ta.

Polish this changes for gender:

• ten = masculine
• ta = feminine
• to = neuter

So:

• ta gałąź = this branch

A useful thing to notice is that gałąź is feminine even though it does not end in -a. Some feminine nouns end in a soft consonant, and gałąź is one of them.

It is in the nominative singular.

That is because gałąź is the subject of the sentence — it is the thing being described:

• Ta gałąź = the branch
• jest zbyt nisko = is too low
• dotyka okna = touches the window

So gałąź stays in the basic dictionary form here.

This is a very common question, and the difference is important.

• niska is an adjective: low
• nisko is an adverb: low / down low

In this sentence, nisko refers to the branch’s position, not to a permanent quality of the branch itself.

So:

• Ta gałąź jest niska = This branch is low / This is a low branch
  (describing the branch as a type/quality)
• Ta gałąź jest nisko = This branch is low down
  (describing where it is positioned)

Because the sentence is about the branch being positioned too low and touching the window, nisko is the natural choice.

Zbyt means too.

So:

• zbyt nisko = too low

In everyday Polish, za is often more common:

• za nisko = too low

Both are correct, but there is a slight difference in feel:

• zbyt can sound a little more careful, neutral, or formal
• za is very common in everyday speech

So this sentence could also be:

• Ta gałąź jest za nisko i dotyka okna.

That would sound very natural too.

Because in Polish, zbyt directly modifies the adverb nisko:

• zbyt = too
• nisko = low / low down

Together they make:

• zbyt nisko = too low

This works just like:

• zbyt wysoko = too high
• zbyt blisko = too close
• zbyt daleko = too far

Because the verb dotykać normally takes the genitive case, not the accusative.

So:

• dictionary form: okno = window
• genitive singular: okna

That is why you get:

• dotyka okna = touches the window

This is something learners usually just need to memorize with the verb:

• dotykać kogo? czego? = to touch whom? what? in the genitive

Examples:

• dotyka stołu = touches the table
• dotyka ściany = touches the wall
• dotyka ręki = touches the hand

Here okna is genitive singular.

The base noun is:

• okno = window

Its genitive singular is:

• okna

So in this sentence:

• dotyka okna = touches the window

Be careful: okna can also be nominative/accusative plural in other contexts, meaning windows. But here, because it follows dotyka, it must be genitive singular.

Dotyka comes from dotykać, which is imperfective.

That means it describes an ongoing, repeated, or general action/state. In this sentence, it suggests the branch is in contact with the window, not just touching it once as a single completed action.

So the sentence paints a situation:

• the branch is too low
• and it is touching the window

The perfective partner is usually dotknąć:

• dotknąć okna = to touch the window once / to make contact

Compare:

• Gałąź dotyka okna. = The branch is touching the window.
• Gałąź dotknęła okna. = The branch touched the window.

Not naturally in this sentence.

Polish sometimes omits to be in certain structures, especially in the present tense in very informal or special contexts, but here jest is normally required:

• Ta gałąź jest zbyt nisko...

Without jest, the sentence would sound incomplete or ungrammatical to most learners and speakers in standard usage.

So for this kind of sentence, keep jest.

Yes, Polish word order is fairly flexible, but the original order is the most neutral and natural:

• Ta gałąź jest zbyt nisko i dotyka okna.

You could also say:

• Ta gałąź dotyka okna i jest zbyt nisko.

That is still grammatical, but it shifts the flow a little by mentioning the touching first.

The original version is probably best for a learner because it presents the situation in a straightforward way:

1. the branch is too low
2. as a result, it touches the window

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• gałąź ≈ gah-wonshch or gah-wonj
  depending on how detailed you want to be with the final sound

A few helpful points:

• ą is a nasal vowel; before ź it often sounds somewhat like on to English ears
• ł sounds like English w
• ź is a soft sound, somewhat like a very soft zh/y combination

You do not need a perfect English spelling to learn it, but it helps to hear it from native audio if possible.

Because Polish has no articles like a, an, or the.

So:

• gałąź can mean a branch or the branch
• okno can mean a window or the window

The exact meaning depends on context.

In this sentence, English naturally uses the window because the situation makes it specific, but Polish does not need a separate word for that.

Yes. Here i is the normal word for and.

It joins two parts with the same subject:

• Ta gałąź jest zbyt nisko = This branch is too low
• i dotyka okna = and touches the window

Since the subject is the same in both parts, Polish does not repeat ta gałąź the second time.

So literally the structure is:

• This branch is too low and touches the window.

In natural English, that becomes:

• This branch is too low and is touching the window, or
• This branch is too low and touches the window, depending on context.