Po deszczu często wychodzi słońce.

Because po in the sense of after is followed by the locative case in Polish.

• deszcz = rain
• po deszczu = after the rain / after rain

So deszcz changes to deszczu because of the preposition po.

A useful pattern is:

• po obiedzie = after dinner
• po pracy = after work
• po filmie = after the film

In this sentence, po deszczu is a fixed, very natural way to say after rain or after the rain.

It is the locative singular.

The dictionary form is deszcz. After po meaning after, Polish uses the locative:

• nominative: deszcz
• locative: deszczu

For this noun, the locative form happens to end in -u.

Polish does not have articles like the or a/an.

So:

• słońce can mean the sun or just sun
• deszcz can mean the rain or just rain

The exact meaning depends on context. In this sentence, English naturally uses the sun, but Polish simply says słońce.

Yes, wychodzić often means to go out, to leave, or to come out, depending on context.

With słońce, the phrase wychodzi słońce means the sun comes out. This is a very natural Polish expression.

So although the literal sense is something like the sun comes out, the real meaning is the weather expression English speakers would normally use.

Other examples of wychodzić:

• Wychodzę z domu. = I’m leaving the house.
• Słońce wychodzi zza chmur. = The sun is coming out from behind the clouds.

Because this sentence describes something that happens often or habitually:

• często = often

For repeated or habitual actions, Polish normally uses the imperfective verb, here wychodzić → wychodzi.

So:

• Po deszczu często wychodzi słońce. = After rain, the sun often comes out.

If you used wyjdzie, that would be the perfective future and would sound more like a single future event:

• Po deszczu wyjdzie słońce. = After the rain, the sun will come out.

That is a different meaning.

Często is an adverb meaning often. It tells us how frequently the action happens.

So the structure is:

• Po deszczu = after rain
• często = often
• wychodzi słońce = the sun comes out

It modifies the verb phrase, not the noun.

Polish word order is much more flexible than English word order.

Both are possible:

• Po deszczu często wychodzi słońce.
• Po deszczu często słońce wychodzi.

But wychodzi słońce sounds very natural here. It presents the action first and then the subject, which is common in Polish, especially in weather-type statements and descriptive sentences.

If you say:

• Słońce często wychodzi po deszczu

that is also understandable, but it feels a bit different in emphasis.

So this is not about right vs wrong; it is mostly about what sounds most natural.

Wychodzi is:

• 3rd person singular
• present tense
• from the imperfective verb wychodzić

It agrees with słońce, which is singular.

So:

• słońce wychodzi = the sun comes out / is coming out

Because słońce is a neuter singular noun, the present-tense verb form is still the same 3rd person singular form: wychodzi.

Yes. Słońce is a neuter noun in Polish.

That matters for agreement in some parts of grammar, especially adjectives and past tense forms.

For example:

• Słońce jest jasne. = The sun is bright.
• Słońce wyszło. = The sun came out.

In the present tense, the verb form wychodzi is simply 3rd person singular, so you do not see a special neuter ending there.

Yes. In natural English, both are possible translations depending on context.

Polish po deszczu can be understood quite generally:

• after the rain
• after rain
• when it rains, the sun often comes out afterwards

Because Polish has no articles, the phrase is a bit more flexible and context decides the best English version.

A rough guide:

• deszczu ≈ DESH-choo
• często ≈ CHEN-sto or CHENS-to
• słońce ≈ SWON-tse

A few details:

• sz sounds like English sh
• cz sounds like English ch
• ń is a soft n
• ą is a nasal vowel; before some consonants it may sound closer to on/en
• ł sounds like English w
• c sounds like ts

These are only approximations, but they can help at first.

Yes, that is grammatically possible and understandable.

However, Po deszczu często wychodzi słońce sounds more natural to many speakers in this context.

Polish often places adverbs like często before the verb, and the verb + subject order works well here as a neutral, idiomatic weather statement.

So your version is not wrong, but the original feels more natural and smooth.

It is a general statement.

Two things help show that:

• często = often
• wychodzi = imperfective present

Together they describe something that happens regularly or typically, not just once.

So the sentence is more like a weather observation or general truth than a report about a single moment.