Na stole leży duże pudło.

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Breakdown of Na stole leży duże pudło.

• na: on
• stół: the table
• leżeć: to lie

Questions & Answers about Na stole leży duże pudło.

Why is it na stole and not na stół?

Because after na meaning on in a location sentence, Polish usually uses the locative case.

• dictionary form: stół = table
• locative form: stole

So:

• na stole = on the table

If you used na stół, that would normally suggest movement toward the table surface, not location:

• Kładę pudło na stół. = I am putting the box onto the table.

So in your sentence, na stole is correct because the box is already there.

What case is stole?

Stole is the locative singular form of stół.

This sentence uses:

• na
  • locative for location: na stole
• duże pudło in the nominative because it is the subject of the sentence

So the structure is roughly:

• Na stole = location phrase
• leży = verb
• duże pudło = subject

Why is the verb leży used instead of jest?