Latem moja skóra jest sucha od słońca.

Latem means in summer or during the summer.

It is a very common Polish time expression formed from lato (summer). In this use, latem is basically an adverbial form.

A few useful points:

• latem = in summer
• zimą = in winter
• wiosną = in spring
• jesienią = in autumn

You may also hear w lecie, which also means in the summer, but latem is shorter and very common.

w lato is generally not the standard way to say in summer in this kind of sentence.

Because skóra (skin) is a feminine noun in Polish.

The possessive adjective my must agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• case

So:

• mój = masculine singular
• moja = feminine singular
• moje = neuter singular

Since skóra is feminine singular, the correct form is moja skóra.

For the same reason: sucha has to agree with skóra.

The noun skóra is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative

So the adjective must also be feminine singular:

• suchy = masculine
• sucha = feminine
• suche = neuter

Because the sentence says my skin is dry, the adjective describes skóra, so it must match it: skóra jest sucha.

Skóra is in the nominative case.

It is the subject of the sentence:

• moja skóra = my skin

In Polish, the subject of a sentence is usually in the nominative. Then the verb jest means is, and sucha describes the subject.

So the structure is:

• Latem = in summer
• moja skóra = my skin
• jest = is
• sucha = dry
• od słońca = from/because of the sun

Because the preposition od requires the genitive case.

The basic form is:

• słońce = the sun

After od, it changes to:

• od słońca = from the sun / because of the sun

This is a very common pattern in Polish:

• od mamy = from mum
• od lekarza = from the doctor
• od słońca = from the sun

So the learner should remember: od + genitive.

Here od słońca means something like:

• from the sun
• because of the sun
• due to sun exposure

In natural English, you would usually interpret the whole phrase as my skin is dry because of the sun.

So this is not about direction or physical movement. It is about the cause.

Yes, it is understandable and natural enough.

It means that in summer your skin becomes dry because of sun exposure. A native speaker would understand it immediately.

That said, depending on the exact nuance, Polish speakers might also say:

• Latem moja skóra jest wysuszona przez słońce.
  = My skin is dried out by the sun in summer.

• Latem mam suchą skórę od słońca.
  = In summer I have dry skin from the sun.

• Latem słońce wysusza mi skórę.
  = In summer the sun dries out my skin.

Your original sentence is good, but there are several natural ways to express the same general idea.

Yes, often you can.

In Polish, possessive words like my, your, his are often omitted if the meaning is obvious from context.

So instead of:

• Latem moja skóra jest sucha od słońca.

you might also hear:

• Latem skóra jest sucha od słońca.

This can still be understood as my skin if the speaker is clearly talking about themselves.

However, moja is perfectly fine if you want to be explicit or emphasize that it is your skin.

No, Polish word order is fairly flexible.

The given sentence has a neutral, clear structure:

• Latem moja skóra jest sucha od słońca.

But you could also say:

• Moja skóra latem jest sucha od słońca.
• Moja skóra jest latem sucha od słońca.

These are all understandable, though they may shift the emphasis slightly.

Putting Latem first is very natural because it sets the time frame right away: In summer...

In standard Polish, the present-tense form of to be is normally used in full sentences like this.

So:

• moja skóra jest sucha = my skin is dry

You usually do not drop jest in normal, careful Polish.

If you remove it, the result may sound incomplete, poetic, colloquial, or headline-like rather than like a normal standard sentence.

So for learners, the safe rule is:

• keep jest in sentences like this

No, not exactly.

Sucha means dry, not burned.

So sucha od słońca means the skin is dried out because of the sun.

If you want to say sunburned, Polish would use different wording, for example:

• spalona słońcem = burned by the sun
• poparzona słońcem = sunburned / burned by the sun

So the sentence is about dryness, not burning.

Yes, absolutely.

That version is also natural and may even sound a bit more conversational in everyday speech.

Compare:

• Latem moja skóra jest sucha od słońca.
  Focuses on my skin as the subject.

• Latem mam suchą skórę od słońca.
  Literally In summer I have dry skin from the sun, which is a very common way to speak in Polish.

Both are correct; the second one often feels a little more everyday and personal.

A simple breakdown is:

• Latem = in summer
• moja = my
• skóra = skin
• jest = is
• sucha = dry
• od słońca = from/because of the sun

So the pattern is:

time expression + subject + verb + adjective + cause

That makes the sentence easy to build from smaller pieces:

• Moja skóra jest sucha. = My skin is dry.
• Latem moja skóra jest sucha. = In summer my skin is dry.
• Latem moja skóra jest sucha od słońca. = In summer my skin is dry because of the sun.