Po prysznicu suszę włosy suszarką.

Because po in the sense of after takes the locative case in Polish.

• prysznic = shower
• po prysznicu = after the shower / after showering

So prysznicu is the locative singular form of prysznic.

In Polish, włosy is the normal word for hair on the head, and it is grammatically plural.

• włos = one hair, one strand
• włosy = hair in general

So suszę włosy is the natural way to say I dry my hair.

It is accusative plural, because it is the direct object of suszę (I dry).

The reason it looks the same as the dictionary form is that for many inanimate plural nouns, the accusative and nominative have the same form.

So here:

• nominative: włosy
• accusative: włosy

Same form, different function.

Polish often leaves out possessive words like my, your, his, etc. when the meaning is obvious from context.

So:

• Suszę włosy = I’m drying my hair

Because the subject is I, it is naturally understood that these are my hair.

You can say suszę moje włosy or suszę swoje włosy, but that usually adds emphasis or contrast, for example if you want to stress my own hair.

Because suszarką is in the instrumental case, which is often used to show the tool or means used to do something.

• suszarka = hairdryer / dryer
• suszarką = with a hairdryer

So:

• suszę włosy suszarką = I dry my hair with a hairdryer

This is a very common Polish pattern:

• piszę długopisem = I write with a pen
• jadę autobusem = I go by bus
• suszę włosy suszarką = I dry my hair with a hairdryer

Because Polish often uses the instrumental case by itself to mean using something as a tool.

So suszarką already means with a hairdryer in the sense of by using a hairdryer.

If you say z suszarką, it usually sounds more like with a hairdryer in your possession or together with a hairdryer, not specifically using it as the instrument.

Yes. They both come from the same root connected with drying.

• suszyć = to dry
• suszarka = dryer / drying device
• suszę = I dry

So the sentence is very transparent in Polish: literally something like After the shower, I dry hair with a dryer.

Suszę comes from the imperfective verb suszyć. It can mean:

• I am drying
• I dry
• I usually dry

That makes it natural for a general statement or routine: After the shower, I dry my hair with a hairdryer.

A perfective form like wysuszę means something more like I will dry completely / I will finish drying. It focuses on completion, and in Polish perfective verbs do not have a normal present meaning.

So in this sentence, suszę is the most natural choice.

Yes. Polish word order is fairly flexible because cases show the grammatical roles.

This sentence has a neutral, natural order:

• Po prysznicu suszę włosy suszarką.

But other orders are possible, for example:

• Suszę włosy suszarką po prysznicu.
• Włosy suszę suszarką po prysznicu.

The basic meaning stays the same, but the emphasis changes. Putting po prysznicu first is a very natural way to set the time frame: after the shower.

Because Polish has no articles.

So Polish does not have separate words for a, an, or the. Whether something means a shower, the shower, a hairdryer, or the hairdryer is understood from context.

That is why:

• po prysznicu can mean after the shower
• suszarką can mean with a hairdryer or with the hairdryer

The exact English article depends on the situation, not on a separate Polish word.