Czy masz przy sobie paszport, czy został w domu?

Because czy has two related uses here:

• At the beginning, Czy masz... marks a yes/no question.
• In the middle, ..., czy został w domu? means or and introduces the second possibility.

So the pattern is:

• Czy X, czy Y? = Is it X, or is it Y?

This is a very common structure in Polish.

Przy sobie means with you / on you / in your possession at this moment.

So masz przy sobie paszport is not just you own a passport. It means you have the passport with you right now, for example in your pocket, bag, or hand.

This expression is very common:

• Masz przy sobie telefon? = Do you have your phone with you?
• Nie mam przy sobie gotówki. = I don’t have cash on me.

In Polish, the natural way to say have something with you is mieć coś przy sobie.

So:

• masz przy sobie paszport = you have the passport with you

Using być z... would sound unnatural in this context. English often uses with, but Polish usually uses the verb mieć for this idea.

It is in the accusative case here, because it is the direct object of masz. But for many masculine inanimate nouns in Polish, the accusative singular looks exactly the same as the nominative singular.

So:

• nominative: paszport
• accusative: paszport

That is why there is no visible ending change.

Compare:

• mam paszport = I have a passport
• widzę stół = I see a table

Both paszport and stół are masculine inanimate, so the accusative often matches the nominative.

Polish often omits subject pronouns when the meaning is clear from context.

In English, you would normally say or did it stay at home?
In Polish, once paszport has already been mentioned, the subject can be left out:

• czy został w domu?

The verb form został already tells you the hidden subject is masculine singular, which fits paszport.

You could add on, but here it would usually sound unnecessary.

This is an important difference.

• był w domu = it was at home
• został w domu = it stayed / got left at home

Here został suggests that the passport was left behind or remained at home, which is exactly the idea in this sentence.

So został is more natural than był because the speaker is asking whether you have the passport with you, or whether it ended up being left at home.

Został is:

• past tense
• 3rd person singular
• masculine

It agrees with paszport, which is a masculine noun.

That is why it is:

• paszport został

If the noun were feminine, it would change:

• legitymacja została w domu

If it were neuter:

• prawo jazdy zostało w domu

Because w domu means in/at home, which expresses location.

• w domu = at home
• do domu = to home / homeward

This sentence is asking where the passport is, not where it moved.

So:

• został w domu = it stayed at home / it was left at home

not

• został do domu, which would be wrong

Not completely. Polish word order is more flexible than English word order, but the original sentence is very natural and neutral.

The sentence:

• Czy masz przy sobie paszport, czy został w domu?

sounds normal and clear.

You may also hear slight variations for emphasis, such as:

• Masz przy sobie paszport, czy został w domu?
• Paszport masz przy sobie, czy został w domu?

But the original version is a good standard pattern for learners.

It is informal singular, because of masz, which is the you form used with one person you know well or someone your age in an informal context.

A formal version would be:

• Czy ma pan przy sobie paszport, czy został w domu?
• Czy ma pani przy sobie paszport, czy został w domu?

So if you are speaking to a stranger in an official situation, you would normally use pan/pani instead of masz.

Because the sentence contains two coordinated clauses, each with its own verb:

• Czy masz przy sobie paszport
• czy został w domu

In Polish, when two clauses like this are joined, a comma is normally used.

So the comma helps separate the two alternatives:

• Do you have the passport with you, or was it left at home?

Yes. Polish allows both:

• Czy masz przy sobie paszport...?
• Czy masz paszport przy sobie...?

Both are natural. The difference is mainly one of rhythm and emphasis, not basic meaning.

The version with przy sobie before paszport is very common and sounds perfectly natural.

Grammatically, yes, Polish says the passport stayed/was left at home, but this is completely normal. It does not sound strange to a Polish speaker.

English also often says things like:

• My keys are at home
• The document got left behind

So in Polish, using został w domu with an object like paszport is a normal, natural way to express that it was left behind.