Learn Hardcore Polish: Mam ból głowy, ale po herbacie mija. - I have a headache, but it goes away after tea.

Boli mnie głowa = I have a headache (literally: my head hurts) — very natural.
Mam ból głowy = I have a headache — fully correct, a bit more matter‑of‑fact/clinical.
For recurring headaches: Miewam bóle głowy (I get headaches).

Why is it głowy and not głowa?

Because ból governs the genitive case: ból czego? → ból głowy (pain of the head). Other examples:

ból brzucha (stomachache)
ból pleców (back pain)
Under negation: nie mam bólu głowy (genitive after negation)

What is the subject of mija, and why is there no “it”?

Polish is pro‑drop: the subject can be omitted if clear from context. The understood subject here is the pain (ból [głowy]). You could say Ból głowy mija, but it’s usually left out because it’s obvious.

Can I say ale to mija or ale on mija?

ale to mija is fine for emphasis or contrast (roughly “but then it does go away”).
ale on mija (he = the pain) is grammatically possible but sounds odd in everyday speech.
Don’t use ono mija here; ból is masculine, not neuter.

What does po mean here, and which case does it take?

Here po means “after” and requires the locative: po herbacie (after tea). More examples:

po pracy (after work)
po obiedzie (after lunch)
po filmie (after the movie)

I’ve seen po with the accusative, like Idę po herbatę. How is that different?

Two different uses of po:

Time/sequence “after” → po
- locative: po herbacie (after tea).
Purpose/fetching “for” → po
- accusative: Idę po herbatę (I’m going to get tea).

Does po herbacie mean “after drinking tea” or “after the tea meal”?

In Poland it normally means “after drinking tea (the beverage).” Context decides. Note there’s also an idiom po herbacie meaning “it’s all over/too late,” but that’s used on its own (e.g., Już po herbacie) and not in this symptom-relief sense.

Why is it mija and not mijam?

Because the pain is the subject (third person singular): “it passes” = mija. Mijam means “I pass (something)” in the sense of walking/driving by (e.g., Mijam sklep = I pass the shop).

What’s the difference between mija, przechodzi, ustępuje, and minie?

mija = passes/fades (neutral, often temporal; fine with pain).
przechodzi = goes away (very idiomatic for symptoms).
ustępuje = subsides (more formal/medical).
minie = will pass (perfective future, one-time result). All are acceptable; for symptoms many natives say: Po herbacie mi przechodzi.

How do I talk about one-time or past relief instead of a general tendency?

One-time future: Po herbacie mi przejdzie / Po herbacie minie.
One-time past: Po herbacie mi przeszło or Ból głowy przeszedł po herbacie.
Habitual/general: Po herbacie mija / Po herbacie mi przechodzi.

Can I add mi (to me), and where does it go?

Yes. mi (dative clitic) is common with symptom verbs:

Natural placements: Po herbacie mi przechodzi, Po herbacie mija mi.
Avoid starting a clause with Mi in careful Polish. Use mnie only for strong emphasis in some structures; here mija mnie would mean “it passes me by” (different meaning), so stick with mi.

Is the word order flexible?

Yes. All of these are fine, with slight shifts in emphasis:

Mam ból głowy, ale po herbacie mija.
Boli mnie głowa, ale po herbacie przechodzi.
Po herbacie mija (mi).
Ból głowy mija po herbacie. Fronting po herbacie highlights the condition under which it goes away.

Do I need the comma before ale?

Yes. In Polish a comma is required before ale when joining clauses: …, ale ….

Is the plural bóle głowy used, and does the verb change?

Yes, for recurring/multiple episodes: Mam częste bóle głowy, ale po herbacie mijają (they pass). Singular takes mija, plural mijają.

Any quick pronunciation tips for this sentence?

Mam [mum].
ból: ó sounds like English “oo”; final ł like English “w” → roughly “boolw”.
głowy: g hard as in “go”; ł = “w” → “GWOVY”.
ale: “AH-leh”.
po: “po”.
herbacie: “her-BA-chyeh” (the ci before e is a soft “ch” like in “cheap”).
mija: “MEE-ya”.

Can I use other triggers with po the same way?

Yes, same pattern with locative:

po kawie (after coffee)
po spacerze (after a walk)
po tabletkach / po tabletce (after the pills / after a pill)
po drzemce (after a nap)