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Questions & Answers about Zimowy dzień jest krótki.
Why is there no article like a or the before Zimowy dzień?
Polish does not have definite or indefinite articles. Nouns stand alone, and you rely on context or other words (like adjectives, pronouns, numerals) to show whether something is general or specific.
What case is dzień in, and why?
Dzień here is in the nominative singular. In Polish, the subject of a sentence appears in the nominative case. Since dzień (“day”) is the subject of “is short,” it stays in the nominative.
Why is the adjective Zimowy used instead of Zimny?
These two adjectives have different meanings:
- Zimowy = winter-related (a day belonging to winter)
- Zimny = cold
So Zimowy dzień means “a winter day,” whereas zimny dzień would mean “a cold day.”
Why does Zimowy end with -y?
Adjectives in Polish agree with the noun they describe in gender, number, and case. Here:
• Gender: masculine
• Number: singular
• Case: nominative
The masculine-singular nominative ending for adjectives of this type is -y (or -i in certain stems), so Zimowy matches dzień.
What is jest, and do we always need it?
Jest is the 3rd-person singular present tense of być (“to be”). In Polish, you normally include jest as the linking verb between your subject and predicate in the present tense. Unlike some other Slavic languages, Polish usually does not drop the copula in everyday speech.
Could we omit jest and just say Zimowy dzień krótki?
You might encounter Zimowy dzień krótki in headlines, titles, or very poetic/elliptical styles. In standard spoken or written Polish, however, you keep the verb: Zimowy dzień jest krótki.
Why does krótki end with -i?
Just like Zimowy, krótki is an adjective and must agree with dzień (masculine singular nominative). The appropriate ending for this class of adjectives is -i, so krótki matches the noun in gender, number, and case.
How would you say “Winter days are short” in Polish?
You would change everything to plural:
• Zimowe (masculine-plural nominative adjective)
• dni (plural of dzień)
• są (3rd-person plural of być)
• krótkie (adjective agreeing in plural nominative)
Full sentence:
Zimowe dni są krótkie.