W kuchni jest za dużo wody.

There is too much water in the kitchen.

Breakdown of W kuchni jest za dużo wody.

• być: to be
• w: in
• woda: the water
• kuchnia: the kitchen

Questions & Answers about W kuchni jest za dużo wody.

Why do we say w kuchni instead of just kuchnia or using another preposition?

Polish uses prepositions plus cases to show location. w means “in” and requires the locative case. So kuchnia (nominative) becomes kuchni (locative) after w, giving w kuchni = “in the kitchen.” Using na kuchni would mean “on the stove,” and leaving out the preposition altogether would be ungrammatical.

Why is woda in the genitive case (wody) here?

Quantity words like dużo (“much/many”) require the genitive. Since za dużo (“too much”) is a quantity expression, the noun that follows takes genitive: woda → wody.

What exactly does za dużo mean, and how does it work?

za dużo is an adverbial phrase meaning “too much”. za is a particle that intensifies dużo. You use it before uncountable nouns (e.g. za dużo wody) or countable nouns (e.g. za dużo pomidorów).

Can I say zbyt dużo wody instead of za dużo wody? Is there a difference?