W kuchni jest za dużo wody.

There is too much water in the kitchen.

Breakdown of W kuchni jest za dużo wody.

• być: to be
• w: in
• woda: the water
• kuchnia: the kitchen
• za dużo: too much

Questions & Answers about W kuchni jest za dużo wody.

Why do we say w kuchni instead of just kuchnia or using another preposition?

Polish uses prepositions plus cases to show location. w means “in” and requires the locative case. So kuchnia (nominative) becomes kuchni (locative) after w, giving w kuchni = “in the kitchen.” Using na kuchni would mean “on the stove,” and leaving out the preposition altogether would be ungrammatical.

Why is woda in the genitive case (wody) here?

Quantity words like dużo (“much/many”) require the genitive. Since za dużo (“too much”) is a quantity expression, the noun that follows takes genitive: woda → wody.

What exactly does za dużo mean, and how does it work?

za dużo is an adverbial phrase meaning “too much”. za is a particle that intensifies dużo. You use it before uncountable nouns (e.g. za dużo wody) or countable nouns (e.g. za dużo pomidorów).

Can I say zbyt dużo wody instead of za dużo wody? Is there a difference?

Yes. zbyt is largely synonymous with za in this context. Both mean “too.” The difference is mostly in style: zbyt is a bit more formal or literary, while za is more colloquial.

Could I also say za wiele wody rather than za dużo wody?

You might hear za wiele wody, but it’s less common. wiele tends to pair with countable nouns (e.g. wiele jabłek), though it can appear with uncountables. dużo is simply the go-to word for “much/many” in everyday speech.

What role does jest play in W kuchni jest za dużo wody? Can it be omitted?

Here jest is the verb “to be” used impersonally: there is/there are. It states existence. In casual conversation you can drop it:
• W kuchni za dużo wody.
But in written or neutral speech including jest is standard.

Is the word order fixed? For example, can I say Jest za dużo wody w kuchni?

Polish word order is quite flexible. Both W kuchni jest za dużo wody and Jest za dużo wody w kuchni are correct. You can even say Za dużo wody jest w kuchni. The emphasis shifts slightly, but the basic meaning stays the same.

Why don’t we use an article like “the” before kuchni? How would you say “the kitchen”?

Polish has no articles (no “a” or “the”). w kuchni can mean “in a kitchen” or “in the kitchen” depending on context. If you need to emphasize “this kitchen” you might add a demonstrative: w tej kuchni = “in this kitchen.”