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Questions & Answers about Ten film jest najciekawszy.
What does ten mean in this sentence and what role does it play?
ten is a demonstrative pronoun (masculine singular nominative) meaning this, used like an English determiner before a noun.
Why is film in the nominative case and what is its gender?
film is a masculine singular noun in the nominative case because it’s the subject of jest. In Polish, subjects must be in the nominative case.
What is jest and why is it necessary here?
jest is the third-person singular present tense of to be (być). It links the subject (ten film) with the predicate adjective (najciekawszy) and cannot be omitted in standard Polish sentences.
What does najciekawszy mean, and how is it formed from ciekawy?
najciekawszy is the superlative form of ciekawy (interesting). You form it by adding the prefix naj- to the comparative (ciekawszy → najciekawszy), meaning the most interesting.
Why does najciekawszy end with -y?
Adjectives in Polish agree in gender, number and case with the noun they describe. Since film is masculine singular nominative, the superlative adjective takes the -y ending typical for that form.
How do you form comparatives and superlatives in Polish, and how do they compare to English?
Starting from the positive form ciekawy, you create the comparative by adding -szy or -ejszy (here ciekawszy, more interesting). Then prepend naj- for the superlative: najciekawszy (the most interesting). English uses more/most, while Polish relies on inflection and the naj- prefix.
What’s the difference between Ten film jest najciekawszy and To jest najciekawszy film?
Both essentially mean this is the most interesting film. In Ten film jest najciekawszy, ten film is the subject. In To jest najciekawszy film, to is a neuter pronoun introducing a nominal predicate najciekawszy film. The nuance is a slight shift in emphasis.
Why doesn’t Polish use an article like the, and how do you express definiteness here?
Polish has no articles. Definiteness is conveyed through context, word order or demonstratives like ten. Thus ten film naturally carries the sense of the film, and najciekawszy makes it the most interesting.