Breakdown of Lubię sport, szczególnie bieganie po parku w ciepłe poranki.
ja
I
lubić
to like
park
the park
w
on
ciepły
warm
poranek
the morning
szczególnie
especially
sport
the sport
bieganie
the running
po
in
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Questions & Answers about Lubię sport, szczególnie bieganie po parku w ciepłe poranki.
What does lubię mean and how is it formed?
lubię is the first-person singular present form of the verb lubić (to like). It literally means “I like.”
Why doesn’t sport change form after lubię?
sport is an inanimate masculine noun whose nominative and accusative forms are identical. Since lubię takes a direct object in the accusative, sport remains unchanged.
What does szczególnie mean and what is its function here?
szczególnie is an adverb meaning “especially” or “particularly.” It introduces a more specific example of what the speaker likes.
Why is bieganie used (a noun) instead of the infinitive biegać, and why doesn’t it change form?
bieganie is a verbal noun (gerund) derived from biegać. It functions as a neuter noun, so its nominative and accusative forms are both bieganie. Here it serves as the direct object, naming the activity.
Why is po parku used, and what case is parku?
The preposition po in the sense of moving “around” or “through” something governs the locative case. park in the locative singular is parku, so po parku means “around/in the area of the park.”
Why is ciepłe poranki plural, and why do we say w ciepłe poranki instead of w ciepłych porankach?
Plural poranki (“mornings”) expresses a habitual action on multiple occasions. When you want to say “on warm mornings” as a recurring time, Polish uses w + accusative. Thus ciepłe poranki is accusative plural, not locative.
How is szczególnie pronounced and where is the stress?
szczególnie is pronounced roughly as shcheg-OOL-nyeh [ʂt͡ʂɛˈɡuɲɛ]. The stress falls on the penultimate syllable -góln-.
Could we use w ciepłych porankach instead, and how would that change the meaning?
Yes, w ciepłych porankach (locative) is grammatically possible but sounds more like “within those warm mornings” and is less natural for expressing a habitual event. w ciepłe poranki (accusative) is preferred for “on warm mornings” repeatedly.
Can we swap szczególnie and sport, and what happens to the emphasis?
You can say Lubię szczególnie sport, which means “I especially like sport.” In the original order the emphasis is on the specific activity (running), while swapping puts emphasis on “sport” in general.
Why is there a comma before szczególnie?
The comma sets off the explanatory or parenthetical element szczególnie bieganie po parku… from the main clause Lubię sport. It clarifies that what follows is a specification of what kind of sport is meant.