Ona ma nadzieję, że Piotr jest tutaj.

She hopes that Piotr is here.

Breakdown of Ona ma nadzieję, że Piotr jest tutaj.

• być: to be
• Piotr: Piotr
• ona: she
• tutaj: here
• że: that
• mieć nadzieję: to hope

Questions & Answers about Ona ma nadzieję, że Piotr jest tutaj.

What does ma nadzieję mean, and why is it expressed as “has hope” rather than “hopes” like in English?

The phrase ma nadzieję literally translates to “has hope.” In Polish, it is common to express hope using the construction “to have hope,” which differs from the direct translation of “hopes” in English. This construction is standard in Polish when conveying that someone is optimistic about a situation.

Why is there a comma before że in this sentence?

The comma appears before że because it introduces a subordinate clause. In Polish, similar to English, a subordinate clause (often introduced by a conjunction such as że, meaning “that”) is separated from the main clause by a comma. This punctuation helps clarify the sentence structure.

What role does the word że serve in the sentence?

Że functions as a subordinating conjunction meaning “that.” It connects the main clause (Ona ma nadzieję) with the subordinate clause (Piotr jest tutaj) to specify the content of the hope. Essentially, it indicates what is being hoped for.

How is the subordinate clause Piotr jest tutaj structured, and what does each word mean?

In Piotr jest tutaj, Piotr is the subject, jest is the verb (the third person singular form of być, meaning “to be”), and tutaj is an adverb meaning “here.” The clause follows a common and straightforward subject-verb-adverb order, similar to basic English sentences.

Why is the noun nadzieja changed to nadzieję in this sentence?

The noun nadzieja appears as nadzieję because it is in the accusative case. In Polish, when a feminine noun functions as the direct object of a verb, it typically takes the accusative ending. Since nadzieja is what Ona “has” (has hope), its form changes to nadzieję to reflect its grammatical role.