Bar jest blisko banku.

Because blisko takes the genitive case when it is followed by a noun.

The dictionary form is bank.
After blisko, it changes to banku:

• bank = bank
• blisko banku = near the bank

This is very common in Polish:

• blisko domu = near the house
• blisko szkoły = near the school
• blisko sklepu = near the shop

So banku is not a different word; it is the correct grammatical form of bank here.

It is the genitive singular form of bank.

A native English speaker often looks for a direct equivalent of of, but in Polish the genitive has several uses, and one of them is after words like blisko.

So:

• nominative: bank
• genitive: banku

In this sentence, the nominative subject is bar, and the location phrase uses the genitive: blisko banku.

In this sentence, blisko means near and behaves like a word that introduces a location phrase.

You can think of it as working similarly to a preposition here:

• blisko banku = near the bank

It can also appear without a noun:

• To jest blisko. = That is near / close.

So in Bar jest blisko banku, blisko is expressing location in relation to banku.

Because blisko is the form used to mean near in a location expression like this.

• Bar jest blisko banku. = The bar is near the bank.

Bliski is an adjective, and it is usually used in other meanings, often more abstract ones, such as close in the sense of dear, intimate, or sometimes close to in a figurative sense.

For physical location, Polish normally uses:

• blisko + genitive

So for places, blisko banku is the natural choice.

Yes, in a normal full sentence like this, jest is the standard form.

• Bar jest blisko banku.

English speakers sometimes expect Polish to drop is, but Polish usually keeps jest in this kind of sentence.

If you remove it:

• Bar blisko banku

that sounds incomplete in standard Polish, though you might see that kind of shortened phrasing in notes, headlines, or very informal speech.

Because Polish does not have articles like English a/an and the.

So:

• bar can mean a bar or the bar
• banku can mean a bank or the bank, depending on context

Polish relies on context instead of articles.
That is very normal, and learners have to get used to not seeing those words expressed directly.

No, Polish word order is fairly flexible, though some orders sound more neutral than others.

The most neutral version here is:

• Bar jest blisko banku.

But you can also say:

• Blisko banku jest bar.

This shifts the emphasis more toward the location, something like Near the bank there is a bar.

Because Polish uses case endings, the sentence can still be understood even when the order changes. But not every order sounds equally natural in every context.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

bar yest BLIS-ko BAN-ku

A more accurate IPA version is:

[bar jɛst ˈbliskɔ ˈbaŋku]

A few useful notes:

• jest sounds like yest
• blisko is stressed on the first syllable: BLIS-ko
• banku is stressed on the first syllable: BAN-ku
• in banku, the n is pronounced like ng before k, so it sounds a bit like bang-ku

Polish stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable, which is why blisko and banku are stressed where they are.

Yes, but the meaning changes slightly.

• blisko banku = near the bank
• koło banku = by / near the bank
• obok banku = next to / beside the bank

So:

• Bar jest blisko banku. means the bar is somewhere near the bank.
• Bar jest obok banku. means it is right next to it.
• Bar jest koło banku. is also natural and often feels a bit like by the bank or near the bank.

So blisko is a good general word for near, but it is not exactly the same as right beside.

Bar is a masculine inanimate noun.

In this sentence, that does not change very much on the surface, because bar is the subject and stays in its basic form. But its gender matters in other sentences, especially when adjectives agree with it:

• mały bar = a small bar
• ten bar = this bar

So even though gender is not the main issue in Bar jest blisko banku, it is still part of the noun’s grammar.

Usually, yes. Bar in Polish generally means a place where drinks are served, and sometimes also simple food.

Depending on context, though, Polish can use other words too:

• pub = pub
• restauracja = restaurant
• kawiarnia = café
• bar = bar, or sometimes a more casual food place

So in many cases bar is a straightforward and familiar word for English speakers, but its exact feel can depend on the context.