Pęd jest nowy.

A rough English-friendly approximation is:

• Pęd ≈ pent
• jest ≈ yest
• nowy ≈ NO-vih

A few useful details:

• ę in pęd is a nasal vowel. Before d, it is often heard somewhat like en.
• The w in nowy sounds like English v.
• Polish stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable, so nowy is stressed on no: NO-vih.

So the whole sentence sounds roughly like pent yest NO-vih.

• pęd — a noun
• jest — the 3rd person singular present tense of być (to be)
• nowy — an adjective

So the structure is:

• noun + is + adjective

Because adjectives in Polish must agree with the noun they describe.

Here, pęd is:

• singular
• masculine
• nominative

So the adjective also has to be masculine singular nominative:

• nowy

Compare:

• masculine: nowy
• feminine: nowa
• neuter: nowe

Pęd is masculine, more specifically masculine inanimate.

That matters because Polish adjectives and some verb forms change depending on gender, and in some cases nouns also behave differently depending on whether they are animate or inanimate.

In this sentence, the important result is that the adjective must be nowy.

It is in the nominative singular.

Why?

• pęd is the subject of the sentence
• the basic dictionary form of a noun is nominative singular
• after jest with an adjective, the adjective is also in the nominative

So both parts match:

• pęd — nominative singular
• nowy — nominative singular masculine

In a normal full sentence, yes, it is necessary.

Polish often drops subject pronouns such as ja, ty, on, but it does not normally drop jest in an ordinary statement like this.

So:

• Pęd jest nowy. — normal full sentence

If you say:

• Pęd nowy

that sounds incomplete, like a label, note, headline, or very elliptical style rather than a standard sentence.

Yes, but the neutral, most natural order is:

• Pęd jest nowy.

Polish word order is more flexible than English, so you may also see other orders for emphasis or style. But changing the order usually changes the focus.

For example:

• Pęd jest nowy. — neutral
• Nowy jest pęd. — marked/emphatic, as if contrasting it with something else

For most learners, Pęd jest nowy. is the safest standard version.

Because Polish has no articles.

English uses:

• a
• an
• the

Polish does not. The listener figures out whether something is definite or indefinite from context.

So pęd can correspond to:

• a ...
• the ...

depending on the situation.

You put nie before the verb:

• Pęd nie jest nowy.

That is the normal way to negate jest:

• jest → nie jest

A very common way is to add czy at the beginning:

• Czy pęd jest nowy?

You can also ask it with intonation in speech, but czy is the clearest standard pattern for learners.

Yes. Pęd can have different meanings depending on context. In Polish, it can refer to ideas such as:

• rush / speed
• drive / momentum
• a shoot, especially a plant shoot

So even though the grammar of Pęd jest nowy is straightforward, the exact meaning of pęd depends on the context you are given.