Jedwab, aksamit i dzianina mają różne wzory.

Because the subject is a list of three things: jedwab, aksamit i dzianina. In Polish, just like in English, a compound subject takes a plural verb.

• ma = has (singular)
• mają = have (plural)

So:

• Jedwab ma... = Silk has...
• Jedwab, aksamit i dzianina mają... = Silk, velvet, and knit fabric have...

They are in the nominative case, because they are the subject of the sentence.

The sentence is about what these materials have, so they are the doers of the action grammatically.

• jedwab — nominative singular
• aksamit — nominative singular
• dzianina — nominative singular

Even though there are three nouns, each one stays in its own singular nominative form as part of the list.

Because the adjective różne must agree with wzory in number, gender, and case.

Here, wzory is:

• plural
• non-masculine-personal
• accusative plural (same form as nominative plural here)

So the correct adjective form is różne.

Compare:

• różny wzór = a different/varied pattern (singular masculine)
• różne wzory = different/varied patterns (plural, non-masculine-personal)

You would use różni only with masculine personal plural nouns, for example people:

• różni ludzie = different people

It is accusative plural, because it is the direct object of mają.

The materials are the subject, and the thing they have is wzory.

However, for many masculine inanimate nouns in Polish, the nominative plural and accusative plural look the same. That is what happens here:

• nominative plural: wzory
• accusative plural: wzory

So the form does not change, even though the grammatical function does.

Because Polish does not have articles like English a/an and the.

Polish usually leaves that idea to context.

So:

• wzory can mean patterns, the patterns, or sometimes some patterns, depending on context.

In this sentence, English might naturally use different patterns, but Polish simply says różne wzory.

Yes, wzór has a few meanings in Polish, and that can confuse learners.

Common meanings include:

• pattern/design — especially on fabric, wallpaper, etc.
• model/example
• formula — in math or science

In this sentence, because the subject is types of fabric/material, wzory clearly means patterns/designs.

Because Polish, like English, often uses mieć (to have) with objects or materials to describe their features.

So mają różne wzory means they come in or have different patterns/designs.

This is a very natural way to describe characteristics in Polish.

Similar ideas:

• Ta sukienka ma długie rękawy. = This dress has long sleeves.
• Materiał ma delikatny połysk. = The material has a delicate sheen.

Their grammatical genders are:

• jedwab — masculine
• aksamit — masculine
• dzianina — feminine

That said, once they are joined together in a list, the verb becomes plural: mają.

The gender of the list matters less here than the fact that it is a plural subject.

Because różne wzory belongs together as a noun phrase: different patterns. It is the object of the sentence.

The structure is:

• Jedwab, aksamit i dzianina — subject
• mają — verb
• różne wzory — object

This is a normal, neutral Polish word order.

Polish word order is fairly flexible, so you could change it for emphasis, for example:

• Różne wzory mają jedwab, aksamit i dzianina.

But that sounds more marked or literary. The original sentence is the most straightforward.

A learner often asks this because dzi is not obvious from English spelling.

dzianina is pronounced approximately like:

jya-NEE-na

More precisely:

• dzia sounds a bit like jya
• stress falls on the second-to-last syllable: dzia-NI-na

A rough full pronunciation guide:

• Jedwab ≈ YED-vap
• aksamit ≈ ak-SA-meet
• dzianina ≈ jya-NEE-na
• mają ≈ MA-yon
• różne ≈ ROOZH-ne
• wzory ≈ VZO-ri

These are only approximations, but they can help you get started.

Yes. I and oraz both mean and.

So you could say:

• Jedwab, aksamit oraz dzianina mają różne wzory.

The difference is mainly style:

• i is the most common and neutral
• oraz sounds a bit more formal or written

In everyday speech, i is usually the best choice.

Most naturally, it sounds general: silk, velvet, and knit fabric as categories can have different patterns.

Polish often uses a bare noun like this for general statements, without articles.

So the sentence is understood as something like:

• silk, velvet, and knit fabric can come in different patterns

If you wanted to make it clearly specific, you would usually add more context, for example:

• Ten jedwab, ten aksamit i ta dzianina mają różne wzory.
  = This silk, this velvet, and this knit fabric have different patterns.