Roszczenie jest nowe.

Roszczenie usually means claim, especially in a legal, financial, or formal sense. It can refer to a demand that someone believes they have a right to make.

So in many contexts, Roszczenie jest nowe would be understood as The claim is new.

Because roszczenie is a neuter noun, and the adjective has to agree with it in gender.

The adjective nowy changes like this in the singular:

• nowy = masculine
• nowa = feminine
• nowe = neuter

Since roszczenie is neuter, the correct form is nowe.

A very common clue is the ending. Nouns ending in -e, -o, or -ę are often neuter in Polish.

Roszczenie ends in -enie, and nouns of this type are typically neuter. So:

• to roszczenie
• nowe roszczenie

That neuter gender is why the sentence uses nowe.

It is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of the sentence.

In Roszczenie jest nowe:

• roszczenie = the subject
• jest = is
• nowe = predicate adjective agreeing with the subject

So both roszczenie and nowe are in nominative singular.

In standard Polish, you normally do use jest in a sentence like this.

So:

• Roszczenie jest nowe = correct, normal
• leaving out jest would sound incomplete in ordinary standard Polish

This is different from some other Slavic languages where the present-tense to be can be omitted more often.

Yes. This is the most neutral word order: subject + verb + complement.

• Roszczenie jest nowe = neutral, straightforward

Polish word order is more flexible than English, so other orders are possible, but they usually change the emphasis. For example:

• Nowe jest roszczenie sounds marked or contrastive
• Roszczenie nowe jest sounds unnatural in normal speech

So for a simple statement, Roszczenie jest nowe is the safest choice.

A rough English-friendly guide is rosh-CHE-nye.

More specifically:

• rz here sounds like zh/sh-like Polish ż/rz
• szcz is a difficult cluster, roughly like shch
• nie at the end sounds like nye

The stress is on the second-to-last syllable:

• rosz-CZE-nie

So the whole sentence is roughly:

• rosh-CHE-nye yest NO-veh

That is only an approximation, but it helps at the beginner stage.

No. Polish does not use articles like English a and the.

So Roszczenie jest nowe can mean:

• The claim is new
• A claim is new

Which one sounds best depends on the context. English must choose an article, but Polish does not.

Yes. Nowe is the neuter singular form of the adjective nowy meaning new.

It agrees with roszczenie in:

• gender: neuter
• number: singular
• case: nominative

So this is a very typical example of adjective agreement in Polish.

Yes. That would mean This claim is new.

Adding to makes the noun phrase more specific:

• Roszczenie jest nowe = The/A claim is new
• To roszczenie jest nowe = This claim is new

So the original sentence is fine on its own, but to is useful when you want to point to a specific claim.

The plural would be:

Roszczenia są nowe.

Here the forms change like this:

• roszczenie → roszczenia = claims
• jest → są = are
• nowe stays nowe in the non-masculine-personal plural

So:

• Roszczenie jest nowe = The claim is new
• Roszczenia są nowe = The claims are new