Hunden har en flått.

Because Norwegian usually puts the definite article onto the end of the noun.

• hund = dog / a dog
• hunden = the dog

So -en here is the definite singular ending. In this sentence, it means we are talking about a specific dog, not just any dog.

Because flått is a singular countable noun, and in Norwegian those normally need an article when they are indefinite.

• en flått = a tick
• flåtten = the tick

Saying only flått in this sentence would sound incomplete. In standard Bokmål, flått takes the article en.

Yes. Norwegian verbs do not change form the way English verbs do in the present tense.

So you get:

• jeg har = I have
• du har = you have
• hunden har = the dog has

The verb stays har no matter who or what the subject is.

Yes, in this simple statement it is very similar to English:

• Hunden = subject
• har = verb
• en flått = object

So the pattern is subject + verb + object.

That makes Hunden har en flått feel quite straightforward for an English speaker.

In a yes/no question, Norwegian usually puts the verb before the subject:

• Har hunden en flått? = Does the dog have a tick?

So the statement:

• Hunden har en flått.

becomes the question:

• Har hunden en flått?

The difference is definite vs indefinite:

• en hund = a dog
• hunden = the dog

So:

• En hund har en flått. = A dog has a tick.
• Hunden har en flått. = The dog has a tick.

The version with hunden points to a specific dog that is already known from the context.

The most important part for English speakers is å.

• å sounds roughly like the vowel in law for many English speakers
• tt makes the word end in a short, clear t sound

So flått is roughly like flawt, though that is only an approximation.

Also, the u in hunden is a specifically Norwegian vowel, so it is not exactly like the u in English sun.

Normally it means the dog has a tick on it.

Even though har literally means has, Norwegian often uses it naturally for situations like illnesses, injuries, parasites, and similar conditions.

So the usual interpretation is that the dog is carrying a tick, not that it somehow possesses one as an object.

If you wanted to make that extra explicit, you could say:

• Det er en flått på hunden. = There is a tick on the dog.