De gjennomfører tiltaket.

In most modern Norwegian, de means they.

So De gjennomfører tiltaket is normally understood as They are carrying out the measure or They carry out the measure, depending on context.

One extra note: De can also be a very formal old-fashioned way of saying you, but in everyday Norwegian that is rare. Since this sentence starts with De, the capital letter does not by itself prove that it is the formal you—it may simply be capitalized because it is the first word in the sentence.

Because it is at the beginning of the sentence.

In Norwegian, just like in English, the first word of a sentence is capitalized. So De here does not necessarily mean the formal pronoun De. If the word appeared in the middle of a sentence, you would usually see de for they.

Gjennomfører is the present tense of the verb å gjennomføre.

That means it can translate into English in more than one way, depending on context:

• they carry out the measure
• they are carrying out the measure
• they implement the measure

Norwegian present tense often covers both the simple present and the present continuous meanings that English separates.

The infinitive is å gjennomføre.

A few common forms are:

• infinitive: å gjennomføre
• present: gjennomfører
• past: gjennomførte
• past participle: gjennomført

So this sentence uses the present-tense form.

No. Norwegian verbs do not change for person the way English sometimes does.

For example:

• jeg gjennomfører
• du gjennomfører
• han gjennomfører
• vi gjennomfører
• de gjennomfører

The verb form stays the same. That is why gjennomfører looks identical whether the subject is I, you, we, or they.

Tiltaket is the noun tiltak plus the definite ending -et.

So:

• et tiltak = a measure / an action / an initiative
• tiltaket = the measure / the action / the initiative

This is a very common feature of Norwegian: instead of using a separate word for the, Norwegian usually adds a definite ending to the noun.

Because Norwegian usually marks definiteness by attaching an ending to the noun.

For neuter nouns like et tiltak, the definite singular ending is usually -et:

• et hus → huset
• et tiltak → tiltaket

So tiltaket literally contains the idea of the inside the word.

The word order is:

subject + verb + object

• De = subject
• gjennomfører = verb
• tiltaket = object

That is the normal order in a simple Norwegian main clause.

In theory, yes, if De is being used as the very formal pronoun for you.

But in modern everyday Norwegian, that is uncommon. Most learners should first understand De here as they, unless the broader context clearly shows formal address.

So without special context, they is the safer interpretation.

It can be tricky for English speakers because of sounds like gj and ø.

A rough guide is:

• gjennom- begins with a soft sound that many learners find difficult; in many accents it sounds somewhat like a y sound blended with a soft fricative
• ø is a rounded vowel that does not exist in standard English
• the stress is usually on the first part: GJENN-om-fø-rer

A very rough approximation for beginners might be something like:

YENN-om-fur-er

But that is only approximate. The best approach is to listen to native audio and imitate it.

This sentence is standard Bokmål.

In Nynorsk, the equivalent would usually look different, for example:

• Dei gjennomfører tiltaket

So if you are studying Bokmål, this sentence fits that standard.

Yes, it is quite common, especially in formal, administrative, academic, political, and professional language.

It is often used for carrying out or implementing something such as:

• et tiltak = a measure
• en plan = a plan
• en reform = a reform
• en undersøkelse = a survey/investigation
• et prosjekt = a project

So gjennomføre often has a slightly formal feel, similar to English carry out, conduct, or implement.

Because Norwegian does not usually need a separate auxiliary verb to express what English calls the present continuous.

English distinguishes between:

• they carry out the measure
• they are carrying out the measure

Norwegian often uses the same present-tense form for both:

• De gjennomfører tiltaket

So the sentence can cover both meanings, and the exact interpretation depends on context.