Jeg jobber hjemme i dag etter avtale med sjefen.

Norwegian usually uses the present tense for both:

• general actions: Jeg jobber i Oslo = I work in Oslo
• actions happening now / around now: Jeg jobber hjemme i dag = I’m working at/from home today

So jobber can mean both work and am working, depending on context. Norwegian does not normally need a separate progressive form like English does.

The infinitive is å jobbe = to work.

A quick pattern:

• å jobbe = to work
• jobber = work / am working
• jobbet = worked / has worked

So Jeg jobber simply means I work / I’m working.

This is a very common Norwegian distinction:

• hjemme = at home (location, no movement)
• hjem = home / to home (direction or destination)

In this sentence, the speaker is already located there while working, so hjemme is correct:

• Jeg jobber hjemme = I work at home

Compare:

• Jeg drar hjem = I’m going home
• Jeg er hjemme = I’m at home

Norwegian often does not need a preposition here. You can simply say:

• jobbe hjemme = work at home / work from home

That is completely natural.

If you want to emphasize the idea of from home, Norwegian also often uses:

• jobbe hjemmefra

So both are possible, but jobbe hjemme is very common and natural.

It can mean either, depending on context.

In modern usage, jobbe hjemme is often understood as working from home. If you want to be extra explicit about remote work, you can say:

• Jeg jobber hjemmefra i dag

That more clearly means I’m working from home today.

I dag means today.

In this sentence it comes after hjemme:

• Jeg jobber hjemme i dag ...

That word order is very natural. Norwegian adverbials like i dag can often move around depending on what you want to emphasize.

For example:

• Jeg jobber hjemme i dag.
• I dag jobber jeg hjemme.

Both are correct, but when I dag comes first, it gets more emphasis.

Because Norwegian follows the V2 rule in main clauses. That means the finite verb usually comes in the second position.

So:

• Jeg
  • jobber
    • ...
• I dag
  • jobber
    • jeg
      • ...

When you move something else to the front, the verb still stays in second position, so the subject moves after the verb.

This is one of the most important word-order patterns in Norwegian.

Etter avtale is an idiomatic expression meaning something like:

• by arrangement
• as agreed
• by prior agreement

So:

• etter avtale med sjefen

means:

• by arrangement with the boss
• as agreed with the boss

It suggests that this was discussed and approved beforehand.

Not in the time sense.

Etter often does mean after, but it has several meanings. Here it means something more like:

• according to
• in accordance with
• by arrangement with

So etter avtale does not mean that the speaker works at home after making an agreement. It means the home working happens in accordance with an agreement.

Because sjefen is the definite form and means the boss.

In Norwegian, definiteness is usually added as an ending:

• en sjef = a boss
• sjefen = the boss

So the ending -en is doing the job that the does in English.

Because the agreement is with the boss.

• en avtale med noen = an agreement with someone

That is the natural preposition here. It shows that both sides are involved in the arrangement.

Yes. Both are possible:

• sjefen = the boss
• sjefen min = my boss

In many situations, sjefen already clearly means my boss, because that is understood from context. Using sjefen min just makes it more explicit.

So these are both natural:

• Jeg jobber hjemme i dag etter avtale med sjefen.
• Jeg jobber hjemme i dag etter avtale med sjefen min.

Yes, as long as you keep normal Norwegian word order rules.

For example:

• Jeg jobber hjemme i dag etter avtale med sjefen.
• I dag jobber jeg hjemme etter avtale med sjefen.
• Etter avtale med sjefen jobber jeg hjemme i dag.

These all sound natural, but the emphasis changes a little depending on what comes first:

• Jeg ... = neutral
• I dag ... = emphasis on today
• Etter avtale med sjefen ... = emphasis on the arrangement with the boss