Colaen er kald.

Because Norwegian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

• cola = cola / a cola
• colaen = the cola

So -en here is the definite ending.

This is very common in Norwegian:

• bil → bilen = the car
• hund → hunden = the dog
• cola → colaen = the cola

Er is the present tense of å være, which means to be.

So:

• jeg er = I am
• du er = you are
• han er = he is
• colaen er kald = the cola is cold

Unlike English, Norwegian does not change this form depending on the subject. It stays er for all persons.

Because kald agrees with the noun.

In this sentence, colaen is an en-word singular noun, so the adjective stays in its basic form:

• colaen er kald

Compare:

• et eple er kaldt = an apple is cold
• husene er kalde = the houses are cold

A useful pattern is:

• common gender singular: kald
• neuter singular: kaldt
• plural: kalde

So kald is the correct form with colaen.

Because the idea of the is already built into colaen.

In English, you say:

• the cola

In Norwegian, you usually say:

• colaen

So adding a separate the-type word is normally unnecessary here.

Yes, in this sentence it is.

• Colaen = subject
• er = verb
• kald = adjective / description

So the structure is:

• Subject + verb + adjective

That matches English very closely:

• The cola is cold
• Colaen er kald

Usually, no, not in the neutral meaning.

If you just mean the cola is cold, the normal form is:

• Colaen er kald

Using den before it often adds emphasis or points something out more specifically, and it is not the normal plain version here.

However, den is common when there is an adjective before the noun:

• den kalde colaen = the cold cola

This is a very important pattern in Norwegian: when a noun is definite and has an adjective before it, you often get both:

1. a separate definite marker like den
2. the definite ending on the noun

So:

• colaen = the cola
• den kalde colaen = the cold cola

In this sentence, it is being treated as an en-word.

That is why you get:

• en cola
• colaen

For a learner, the important thing is to remember the pattern you actually see here:

• indefinite: en cola
• definite: colaen

It is capitalized because it is the first word of the sentence.

In the middle of a sentence, it would normally be lowercase:

• Jeg tror colaen er kald.

So the capital letter here does not mean it is automatically a proper noun.

In a main clause question, Norwegian usually puts the verb first:

• Er colaen kald? = Is the cola cold?

This is similar to English inversion:

• The cola is cold.
• Is the cola cold?

Norwegian:

• Colaen er kald.
• Er colaen kald?

You add ikke after the verb:

• Colaen er ikke kald. = The cola is not cold.

That gives you a very common Norwegian pattern:

• subject + verb + ikke + rest

Examples:

• Han er ikke hjemme.
• Bilen er ikke ny.
• Colaen er ikke kald.

Yes, it is a natural and simple sentence.

It is a very typical Norwegian structure:

• definite noun
• er
• adjective

So it works well as a beginner example because it shows several useful patterns at once:

• definite noun ending: -en
• present tense of å være: er
• adjective agreement: kald